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RESULTS (2)

Also, I noticed some other words and dates encoded clustering in close proximity. First of all, there are three appearances in the plain text of The Book of the Torah (ס פ ר ה ת ו ר ה ), shown in black ovals. There are four appearances altogether of The Book of the Torah in the plain text and none encoded with an ELS different from 1. Such an including of ס פ ר ה ת ו ר ה , י ש ר א ל and י ר ו ש ל י ם is matched as a column only at a skip 599, about 300 and about 180. There is also righteousness (צ ד ק , ELS 600, shaded square) and salvation (י ש ע , ELS 1200, shaded square). (Because, as I said above, I am not competent in Hebrew, I could search mainly for short words, basically roots, taken from [5].)

There are also some interesting dates there:

1. 1940/1 (ה ת ש א , or 5701, ELS 600, rhombus), the year of the beginning of the most terrible period of the Holocaust. Interestingly, it intersects the encoded name of Babylon (ב ב ל ) in atbash[1] – Sheshach (ש ש כ , ELS -601, shaded watch). Babylon is an archenemy of Israel. But the middle letter of ש ש כ is intersected also by salvation (י ש ע , ELS 1199, not marked on Figure 2).
2. 1947/8 (ה ת ש ח , or 5708, ELS -597, and ת ש ח , ELS 1197, ellipse), the year of the foundation of Israel, written in full in accordance with the rules and in a concise form.
3. A year 727 (ת ש כ ז , ELS 6, green oval). Although not written in full, it could be assumed from the ELS that it is most probably in the sixth millennium, that is, 5727. This makes 1966/7, the year of the six-day war, when Jerusalem was taken back for Israel!
4. The intersection of Jerusalem with Israel at ELS 600 appeared to be the LIELS with MOSES (מ ש ה , turquoise ovals) in the plain text, too. Even more, this is the last time where it is written in the Torah “The Lord spake unto Moses…” (Deut. 32:48). Only once again there was a similar situation, but there it says: “The Lord said unto him [Moses]..” (Deut. 34:4), not revealing Moses by name.
5. JERUSALEM appeared to be the only name in Table 1, which would change its place (the value of its P will change with reference to the number of letters in the Torah) if the criterion for intersection is restricted to what is shown on Fig. 1, top left. (That is, excluding the letters on both sides of ISRAEL in the plain text.) If Jerusalem is considered as a suitable means of justification, this fact adds more evidence to the correctness of my approach.

Having all these data in hand, I dare to assume that the method has been well justified.

Explanations to the Tables

Explanations to Table 1.

1.          All European states of area larger than 1,000 km² and population larger than 100,000, which existed from the early 1930’s to the 1990’s, were included in Table 1.[2] Most of them existed as independent states immediately before the war. All of them were independent states by the foundation of the State of Israel in 1948. The only exceptions are the three Baltic States (see below). The list could be taken from any Atlas of Europe. Although Turkey is regarded geographically basically as an Asian country, its links and role in the European history are significant and it also possesses some territory in the continent (Constantinople is located mostly on the European side of the Bosporus). Also, Turkey played a role in the transfer of saved Jews from Eastern Europe to Palestine or other safe places during the Holocaust.

In my opinion, this criterion matches in the best way the role of the nations in WWII, the Holocaust proper (1941-5) and the foundation of the State of Israel. Temporary states founded under Nazi pressure and control (Vichy’s France, Slovakia, etc.) have been ignored. Although the Holocaust was mainly European phenomenon, I have also included America in the list. The reason was that America is basically a European product; it played a decisive role in the war, it has the largest Jewish population in the world and has always shown a warm behaviour towards Jews and Israel.

I owe also an explanation on the terms “safe” and “risky” that I decided to use as adjectives to the states in relation to the Jews during the Holocaust. I have based my definition for safe state entirely on the lack of a death toll during the Holocaust. The only exception is Denmark. I have tried to view the events as a Jew: what actually would have happened to me if I were a citizen of one of the states defined as safe. Certainly there would be a fear if I were a Jew in, say, Bulgaria as well as a feeling of confidence if I were an US or British citizen. In the aspect of the Holocaust ordeal however, there was no difference in terms of survival. There were also warmth, sympathy and comfort expressed extensively for the Jewish compatriots in states as Bulgaria and Denmark. In the former case, these made a different state politics that was poles apart from the Third Reich’s politics of “final solution”; in the latter case, they were instrumental to the low death toll in Denmark.

Of course, there have been many individuals and groups that aided Jews to escape from the Nazi grasp. A good example is the collective award for “righteous gentiles” given to the Norwegian Resistance movement by the State of Israel [7]. These, however, were not on a state-level, being on much lower scale. (Norway had a pro-Nazi government. Compare with Denmark below.)

As risky states, in this aspect, in addition to the Reich itself, are defined those states, occupied or allies, which official policy was a one of support of the Nazi ideology, or which could not resist, due to different reasons, the Nazi pressure in the implementation of the “final solution” and thus contributed to a death toll.

2.          States with death toll in the Holocaust are shaded in dark. The only exception is Denmark. I decided so because the Danish people did their best to protect their Jews and succeeded to a high extent. Danish death toll is the lowest one. Also, “the Danish award for ‘righteous gentiles’ included one which was made to the King in honour of the Danish nation” [7]. In fact, as far as I am aware, Denmark has always been given as an example of boldness and courageous conduct during the Holocaust.

3.          States shaded in light are not provided with list numbers. They are Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, which were officially included in the USSR in 1940 and had not been extant long after WWII. In fact, they were restored in the early 1990-s, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Russia was also restored at that time, adopting its old name from the epoch of the Empire before the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. Vatican and Palestine were included, as comparison only, for the following reasons. Vatican, though a tiny state in area and population, exercises a tremendous influence upon Christian (mainly Catholic) peoples and states. Its role during the Holocaust has been rather controversial. Palestine is given also as the true י ש ר א ל א ר ץ in the dictionary and I included the name of the province known as פ ל ש ת י נ ה as a good example for a comparison.

4.          I have tried with the names of both the UNITED STATES, the 10-letter ה ב ר י ת א ר צ ו ת (Artzot Habrit), and the 11-letter SOVIET UNION, ה מ ו ע צ ו ת ב ר י ת (Brit Hamoatzot). None of them appeared encoded in the Torah. Their 4-letter abbreviations, א ר ה ב and ב ר ה מ , respectively, appear hundreds of thousands times in the Torah, which makes them both practically inapplicable for this type of research (they always give very high P-s). So I had to decide whether to use AMERICA and RUSSIA instead of USA and USSR, respectively. The name RUSSIA, unlike Britain (United Kingdom of Great BRITAIN and Northern Ireland) and America (United States of AMERICA), has not been present in any form in the official name of USSR (Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics). During the cold war period it has not been used as a substitute for USSR in Eastern Europe. Everything was SOVIET (Soviet writers, Soviet Army, Soviet football team, etc.). The language only has been Russian. The official Soviet politics stated that there are many Soviet peoples. It was in the West where they used Russia or Russian to denominate Soviet Union. As far as I know, Sir Winston Churchill used almost exclusively the name Russia for USSR. Even Stalin preferred Russia(n) to Soviet (Union). I tried in another way to spell Soviet Union but after checking soviet (ס ו ב י י ט י ), which appears only once in the Torah with no intersection with ISRAEL, and checking the letters at the same ELS, I found no similarity to the spelling of UNION in Hebrew. In the terms of the phenomenon in question, however, Russia and USSR appeared to be interchangeable. Although both names have been used in the research, RUSSIA only was taken for the calculations of the probabilities.

5.          The Vatican and Palestine, the latter being just a geographical term, are printed in italics. This underlines their spiritual and sentimental significance only. However, these two names could add to proving the phenomenon.

6.          States were ordered according to the increase of their number P. In cases of no intersection, the order is according to the increase of the number of their occurrences. If they haven’t appeared at all, the order is according to the decrease of the number of the letters. The order is alphabetical in the case of same number of letters. States giving intersection at their lowest ELS (LELS) are printed in bold characters everywhere except Table 2.

I had three sources available referring to the death toll in the Holocaust [7, 8, and 9]. Death toll varies significantly from source to source. Also, not everywhere the death toll is given for each particular state. For instance, death toll for Austria somewhere (Davies’ Europe) is given combined with that of Germany, probably on the grounds that during the Holocaust proper Austria had been included in the Greater Reich (after the Anschluss in 1938). Somewhere (Gilbert’s Atlas), death toll for Poland, Lithuania and Latvia is combined with that for Western USSR. I have found death tolls for the individual Baltic States in the Oxford Encyclopedia only. I couldn’t find any data for Russia alone. The death toll given in Table 1 is according to [7]. There (on p.103), Sir Martin writes: “This map shows the number of Jews murdered in Nazi-dominated Europe between 1939 and 1945. All these figures are approximate, but most of them are probably underestimates. In all, more than 5,950,000 deaths are shown even with these minimum figures.”

Explanations to Tables 2 to 15.

1              Table 2 contains the P for each state that has appeared at least once calculated by multiplying the lowest |ELS| by the number of occurrence. The idea was to illustrate the “potential” of each state for getting a place in Table 1 if it had got the chance to intersect at its lowest ELS. Table 2 contains a column with the positions of states in Table 1. Positions include all states nevertheless have they got a List number or not. For instance, Latvia, which hasn’t got a List number, occupies fourth position thus shifting Britain to fifth position though the latter is number four in the list, etc. Jerusalem and the Number of Letters in the Torah are excluded from this procedure. Table 2A is a sort of “correction” of Table 2A including P-s obtained using these occurrences only, which are within the massif of text, which contains all the 591 occurrences of ISRAEL in the plain text (from Gen. 32:28 to the end of the Torah). The same is valid for Table 2B, containing the results for the SONS OF ISRAEL (Gen. 32:33 to the end of the Torah). Shadings in these two particular cases are not based on death tolls but on whether P for the state is higher or lower than 304,805. More results on this aspect will be given, God willing, in the following Parts of this research.

2              Tables 3 to 15 contain comparative results of intersections with SONS OF ISRAEL (ב נ י י ש ר א ל ), EGYPT (מ צ ר י ם ), the names of the most renowned Old Testament persons such as ABRAHAM (א ב ר ה ם ), MOSES (מ ש ה ), AARON (א ה ר ן ), ISAAC (י צ ח ק ) and JACOB (י ע ק ב ) as well as more names and terms such as LAND (א ר ץ ), THE LAND (ה א ר ץ ), ADAM (א ד ם ), SONS, or CHILDREN (ב נ י ), KING (מ ל ך ) and PHARAOH (פ ר ע ה ). All these names appear frequently in the plain text and are a good basis for comparison. Notice that the names and terms of the last group do not occur always as such in the plain text. In most cases, they appear just as a sequence of the letters that otherwise represent the word.

The Number of Letters in the Torah, 304,805 is coloured in red, while the row of Jerusalem is coloured in blue, wherever they are present in a Table.

From Table 4 on, only the 23 states that appear encoded in the Torah and have a list number, with the exception of Greece, have been taken into account for probability and statistical calculations. These are regarded as participants proper in the phenomenon.

For each name/word in the plain text, a so-called number of shared letters is given, shown in the fifth column. This number corresponds to the aggregated quantity of the letter(s) of each encoded word that is (are) same as any letter(s) of the word in the plain text. This number includes the multiples of any letter of the encoded names. For instance, the two yods (י ) in Britain (ב ר י ת נ י ה ) are counted as two shared letters with the yod in Israel (י ש ר א ל ). The only other letter common for both Britain and Israel, reysh (ר ), occurs only once in Britain, so it adds up to 3.

In Table 3, a second column containing the positions in Table 1 is included. The reason is providing easiness and clarity in comparison between Tables 1 and 3. Both these Tables are given once more immediately before the Discussion section (pp. 30 and 31), written in a concise form containing the names only that relate to the code.

In few occasions, a state spelled in less than 6 letters (e.g. 4-letter France in Tables 7, 8 and 11) was placed in the lower compartment although the value obtained and given for P was lower than 304,805. This was because its P is not the ultimate one, which actual value should be more or less higher. If the P in question was lower but close to 304,805, it could be estimated that the final value should place the name in the lower compartment. More minor, insignificant displacements also may take place within a compartment due to the fact that the P-s for the 4- and 5-letter names are not the ultimate ones.

Table 1. Results obtained with intersection of Names of States with Israel (י ש ר א ל ).

[1] Atbash is a code in which the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet is replaced by the last one; the second is replaced by the next to the last, etc. So, א , aleph, the first letter, is replaced by ת , tav, the last of the 22 letters, ב beth, the second letter of the alphabet, is replaced by ש , shin, and so on. Thus, Babylon (ב ב ל ) becomes Sheshach (ש ש כ ). This type of encoding was used in the Book of Jeremiah (25:26 and 51:41; also, for another word, in 51:2).

[2] The states in Europe that do not comply with this criterion are the tiny independent states. The full record includes San Marino, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Andorra and the Vatican City [9, p.1088f]. They are not included in The Oxford Encyclopedia and are distinguished definitely from all other states in every other book that was available for me to check. Also, I couldn’t find any reference for a role of theirs in the Holocaust.