Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;twGufor®musrf;pmtajccHrsm;

þpmtkyfi,frsm;udkjrefrmbmom? w½kwfbmom? *syefbmom? udk;&D;,m;bmom? rGef*dk;vD;,m;bmom? eDaygbmom?  xdkif;bmom? AD,uferfbmom ESifhtjcm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh&&SdEdkifygonf/

 

1/            or®musrf;pm\owif;pmvTmtusOf;csKyf

 

2/            c&pf,efbmom ESifh Ak'¨bmomtcsdKUaomwlnDcsufrsm;

 

3/            Ak'¨bmom\tcuftcJrsm;

 3.1         tcGifhtmPmvkyfaqmifEdkifrIqdkif&mar;jref;csufrsm;

 3.2         trSefw&m;\oabmw&m;

 3.3         Ak'¨ ESifh a,½ItMum;EIdif;,SOfcsuf

 3.4         xm0&bk&m;\obm0

 3.5         aoNyD;aemufb0

 3.6        BudKwifpDrHrIjyKxm;jcif;

 3.7         tjypfw&m;\jyóem

 3.8         'ku©a0'emcHpm;&jcif;\jyóem

 

4/            ed*Hk;

1/ or®musrf;pm pmvTmtusOf;

                                                                                                                                                         or®musrf;pmukd"r®opfusrf;ESifh"r®a[mif;usrf;[lít"dutydkif;ESpfydkif;

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Oya' av;pm;rI ESifh c&pfawmf\tkyfpdk;rIudk 0efcHjcif;vkd tyfaMumif; awGU&ayrnf/ odkUaomf þodkUaomvSKyf½Sm;aqmif½Gufrlonf vlpGrf;tm;jzifh &½Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfyifjzpfonf/ ynwfw&m;awmfatmuf wGif&½Sd aom aus;Zl;awmfyifjzpfonf/({ 2;8)bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf rSmrl rdrdudk,fudkñSif;y,fí avmuDwyfrufpdwfrsm;udk pGeYfy,frljzifh aus;Zl;awmf udk &½Sd&efoGefoifonf/(w2;11-12)bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl; awmfonfrnf onfhtcsufrS r[kwfyg/ odkUaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkU\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk ajzmifh rwfjcif;uJhodkU rSwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ om;uJodkU jynfhpHkrludk cHpm;Mu&\/ uREkfyfwkdU\ usifhMuHvkyfaqmifrl <u,f0 rSefuefpGmvHkavmuf pGm  aumif;rGefrlaMumifh jynfpHkvmjcif;r[kwfay/ þazmfjycsufrSm bmom w&m; rsm;pGmwdkY\ xifjrif,lqcsufESifh ynwfw&m;udk emcHusifhMuH vkyf aqmifrl tay:tom;ay; azmfjyxm;csufrsm; yif jzpfonf/ rnfonhf Oya'rS jynfhpHkaomu,fwifrludk rar;Edkifay/ ½Sifaygvk u a&mr Mo0g'pm xJwGifjiif;y,fumazmfjyxm;onf/"r®a[mif; acwf umvoGifoifrljzifh vlom;wdkU\ynwfw&m;t&vGwfajrmufrlrSmu,f wif jcif; udkjzpfap Edkifaom ynwfr[kwfay/ xdkUaMumifh uREfkyfwdkUonf 'l;axmuf0efcsum c&pfawmftm; jzifh&½Sdaom pifMu,faom aus;Zl; awmf \ u,fwifjcif; udk jynfpHkapcJh onf/ c&pfawmfxHü ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,ljcif; tm;jzifh c&pf ,mef udk yHkazmfumoif;0ifjcif;tjzpfodkU a&mufMurnf/ þuJhodkU thHzG,f &maus;Zl;awmfudkvufcH&,ljcif;onf c&pf,mef0ef;usifESifh Ak'¨bm om 0ifwdkU em;vnfaom ygem(tusdK;tjypf )oabmw&m;udk em;vnfrljzifh wckckaom uH\ vkyfaqmifcsuf ('ge)\ tusKd;azmfjy&mwGif vnf;uGJjym; jcm;em; aponf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\umrrsKd;aphwpfckrSonf tyif ayguf ½SifoefMuD;xGm;vmjcif;t,ltqrSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh wlnDrl½Sdayonf/ vlwpfOD;\ol\b0wpfckwGif vkyfaqmifrlrsm;onf ol\jzpfay:vmrl udkxdef;csKyfonf/ odkU&mwGifor®musrf;pmu uGJjym;jcm;em;aom ½laxmifh udk,lonf/ ajrMuD;xJrSxGufaomtyifonf uREkfyfwdkUtrSef wu,fpdkufysKd; aom tyiftppftrSwfr[kwfEdkifay/ (1aum 15;35-49)rsKd;aphwpfckudk pdkufjcif; rSjzpfvmonf/ odkUaomfvnf;½Sifaygvkqufí ajymMum;onfrSm c&pfawmfü wnfjcif;onf ½kyfcE¨mopf wpfckonf urÇmajrMuD;twGif;rS ay:xGufvmonf[k qkdonf/ uREkfyfwdkUpdkufysKd;;aomtyifudk uREkfyfwdkU&dwfodrf;&vdrfhrnf [laomoabmw&m;wGif uREkfyfwdkU\ jyKrlaqmif½Gufcsufrsm;onfhw&m;pD&ifrnfhaeUtxdpOfqufrjywf xm0&qufpyfaeonf/ odkUaomfjyefvnf½Sifoefxajrmufjcif; aMumifh &½Sd vmaom ½kyfcE¨mopfrSmbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifhyif jzpfayonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ r*¾if½Spfyg;aemufqHk;tqifhrSm rSefuefaom tm½Hkpl;pdkufrlodkUr[kwf rSefuefaomcH,lrlonf [dE´Lbmom 0ifwdkU \opömav;yg;w&m;wGif yg0ifaom &m*sa&m* usifhpOfodkUr[kwf pdwfydkif; qdkif&m avhusifhcef;rsm;jzifhbk&m;ocifxHoGm;&menf;vrf;rsm;ESifh twlwl yifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifhoufqdkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;wGif tm½kHpl;pdkufrl &,ljcif;udk or®musrf;pmwGifvnf;oifMum;jyoxm;onf/ odkUaomfvnf; uREkfyfwdkU\ pdwftpOfonf aqmufwnf&mr& vSnfhvnfoGm;vmwwf aom oabm½Sdojzifhvnf;aumif;? uREkfyfwdkU\vlom;a&;&mrsm; &yfpdkif; um tm½Hkpl;prf;rIrsm;ESifh0da&m"djzpfay:avh½Sdojzifhvnf;aumif;?  Ak'¨bmom 0ifwdkif;ESifh c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkif;onf þae&mwGif t½IH;ay;&onfcsnf;jzpfonf/ xdkaMumifhyifbk&m;ocifxHodkU oGm;&m vrf;rSmpdwfydkif;qdkif&mavhusifhcef; oufoufjzifhomr[kwf a,½SKc&pf awmfrS wqifhvnf;a&muf½SdEdkifayonf/a,½SKonfbk&m;ocifxHodkU oGm;&m wpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfonf/ (a,m 14;6) xkdUaMumifhvnf; a,½SKonfuREkfyfwdkU\ udk,fpm;vS,fawmfjzpfívnf;aumif;? a,½Ionf uREkfyfwdkUuJhodkUvnf;aumif;? a,½SKonfrnfonhftcgwGifrS 'ku©qif;&Judk cH&rnfholr[kwfí vnf;aumif; a,½IrSwqifh bk&m;ocif xHodkUa&muf atmif qkawmif;Mujcif;jzpfonf/

 

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                a*gwrAk'¨taMumif;a&;om;xm;aom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ y#duwfawmftrsm;pkESifha[majymydkUcscsufrsm;onf a*gwrAk'¨½Sifawmf y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;aemufESpfaygif;av;&mMumrSa&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Ak'¨ usrf;pmrsm;udk pwifa&;om;pOf uyif Ak'¨bmomrSm tydkif;rsm;pGm cGJxGufcJh onf/ uREkfyfwdkUü tb,fodkU jzpfysufwnf½Sd ap&efjyKvkyfaom t&mum; tb,fenf;/ tawmfqHk;okawoDynm½SifyifvQif Ak'¨\w&m;awmfxJü Ak'¨yd#uwfawmfrsm;\ a&;om;xm;csufrsm;\aocsmrludk wduspGm azmfnTef;Edkifrlr½Sday/ rnfodkUyifjzpfapc&pf,mefwGif uREfkyfwdkUü a,½I\ rsufjrifoufaorsm;ESifh a,½I\b0ywf0ef;usifrS tjzpftysufrsm;udk wdusaom ordkif;aMumif;taxmuftxm;rsm; jzifha&;om;xm;rl wpfck½Sday onf/ ,if;tcsufu tb,faMumifh Ak'¨bmomwGif oifMum; jyorludk  tpdwftydkif;rsm;pGmcGJjcm;cJh&onfudk ½Sif;vif;xm;onf/ ¤if;oifMum;rlwGif tkyfpdk;ydkifaomtcGifhtmPmESifh oufqdkifítcdkiftrm tajccHazmfjyxm;csuf r½Sday/xdkUaMumifhteuf t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdk&mwGif ododomom tajymif; tvJrsm;½Sdaeayonf/ tcGifhtmPmenf;yg;rlaMumifh [dE´L0g' rsufjrif tajccHrSm tvSrf;a0;pGmjzifh tcsdefMumjrifhpGm ajymif;vJrI jzpfay:cJh&jcif; jzpfayonf/ ,if;tcsuf u Ak'¨bmom0if rsm;twGif;us,fjyefYaom ,HkMunfrSKudk vnf;½Sif;vif; jy vQuf½Sdonf/ ordkif;aMumif;t& Ak'¨bmom onf [de,meESifh r[m,me[lí tydkif;MuD;ESpfydkif;cGJxGufcJhonfudk awGUjrif&rnfjzpfonf/ [de,meonf Ak'¨bk&m;½Siftm;jzifh us,fus,f jyefUjyefUjzpfatmif aqmif&GufEdkifcJhJNyD; xm0&bk&m;r½Sdaom oD;jcm;bmom wpfckjzpfcJhonf/ r[m,meu u,fwif½Sifbk&m;½Sdjcif; t,ltq tay: wGiftajccHcJhonf/ rlva&;om;csufrsm;rS aoGzDaeaom Ak'¨usrf;pmrsm;udk omrefAk'¨bmom0if rsm;aomfrS pdwf0ifwpm;zwf½l&ef rarQmfrSef;Edkifay/ tpueOD;uyif Ak'¨pmay a&;om;rlrsm;udk tkyfpkoHk;pkcGJxm;onf/ 0de,yd#uwf okwÅHyd#uwfESifh tbd"r®myd#uwf[líjzpfygonf/ aemufydkif;wGif Ak'¨bk&m;ocif y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;aomfvnf; aemufxyf 0ifvmaom ta&;tom;opfrsm;udk cGifhjyK&ef tydkif;vdkufjyifqifrI rsm;udkjyKvkyfcJhonf/ Ak'¨bmomwGif usrf;abmifoGif;rI tcsuftvufrsm; udk ,aeYwdkif av;eufpGm ydkif;jcm;pl;prf;aecJhMu&onf/ bmomwpfckvHk;ü tajccHtcGiftmPmr½Sday/ xdkUtjyifusrf;pkpnf;olrsm;rSm  tdE´d, Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tm;jzifh wdbuf usrf;tygt0if usrf;teufzGifh bmom jyefrSKrsm;udk aqmif&GufvQuf ½Sdaomfvnf;tdE´d,Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU owfrSwf xm;aom pHEIef;taejzifh xdkpmvHk;rsm;rSm usrf;pmt&r0ifay/ w½kwfAk'¨ bmom0ifwdkU\xHk;wrf;pOfvmt& tjcm;aomAk'¨bmom0if *dkPf;uGJwdkU\ xHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;a&G;cs,fpkaygif;xm;rSKudkavhvm oHk;oyf&ef tcsdefrsm;pGm ,lvsuf a½G;cs,fcJhMu&onf/þusrf;pmrsm; onf &mpkESpfwpfck twGuf omjzpfEkdifNyD; tjcm;aomtcsdef umvtwGufrudkufnDEkdifay/ Mudrfzefrsm;pGm aumfrwDtpnf;ta0; ac:,lvsuf tajctwif ajymqdk qHk;jzwfum a&;om; xm;aomusrf;vnf;jzpfrvmcJhay/ acwfESifhtnD pmay ynm½SifwdkU½SmazGoifMum;rI jyKvkyfaeMuonfudk vnf; awGU&ay onf/tvGefjrifhaomar;cGef;rsm;udk &[ef;oHCmwkdU a[mMum; oifjy&onfrSm Ak'¨\ w&m;awmfxJrSmyif yifudk,fusrf;½Sifrsm; udk,fwdkif yifw&m;awmfudkjiif;y,faomtcg jyefvnf&nfnTef;csufrsm;udk  rSwfom;twnfjyKcHaeMu&onf/ rnfonhf ywf0ef;usif todkif;t0ef;wGif trSefw&m;udk twlwuG oifMum; ay;Mu&mwGif tajctaeay:rlwnfí oifMum;&rnfqdk onfudk rod Edkifay/ c&pf,mefe,ferdwf taetxm;ESifh Ak'¨bmomxJwGif jznfhpGuf&efrSm vkyfaqmifcsuftopfrsm;tm; jzifhomvQif jrifEkdifayrnf/ olwdkUonf Ak'¨\t½Sdeft0gatmufwGif aexkdiftouf½Sif cJhMu&onfrSm uREkfyfwdkUc&pf,mef ray:xGef;rDuyifjzpfonf/ odkUaomfiSm; vnf; ¤if;wdkU\ oifMum;rIESifhrwlaomtcsufrsm;udkom uREfkyftpm;oGif; azmfjyay; &ayrnf/ xkdt&mrsm;wdkUonf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tm; vTrf;rdk;vdkaom obm0tay:wGif tajcrcHbJ ½dk;om;yGif;vif;pGm xif[yf wHkjyef&ayrnf/ Ak'¨usrf;*efrsm;udk aocsmpGmoabmaygufem;vnfxm;ygrS Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\Asm'dwfawmfudkzGifhEdkifayrnf/ tusrf;zsOf;tm;jzifh Ak'¨bmomonf yxr&mpk½Sdusrf;*efrsm;\ usifhpOfrsm;rSmwdk;wuf us,fjyefU vmcJhonf/ xdkw&m;awmfrsm;onf Ak'¨\e*dkrlvrdefUMum;csuf rsm;yifjzpfaomfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;rSKrsm; ½Sdaeao;onf udkawGU &ayonf/

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                Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY\]]*k½k}} (wdbufwef-vmrm;)onf Ak'¨tEG,f0if awmfpyfolwpfOD;tjzpf a&G;cs,fum ,HkMunfolrsm;uqufqHMuonf/ vlomrefykwkZOfESifh wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;Mum;ü qufoG,f qufqH ay;&olr&Sday/ xdkYaMumifhudk,fwdkif toGifo@mef aqmif,lí ol\cspfcifMuifemrI&Sdjcif;? BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrItm;jzifh qufoG,frItwGuf usifhBuHMuonf/ "r®owfusrf;wGifoGefoifxm;csufrSm c&pf,mef ,HkMunfolwdkif;onf ,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;jzpfMuonf/(1ay 2;5)uREfkyfwdkYonf tm;vHk;udkqnf;yl;avhvm&efESifh xm0&bk&m;\ EIwfuywfawmfudkoifMum;ay;&rnf/ Ak'¨udk,fwdkifyifvQif bmom0ifwdkYtm; pDpOfoifMum;ay;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;onf uefYowfrI &Sdonfh oifMum;rIw&m;awmfrsm;udkomvQifay;cJhMuonf/ ocifa,½I c&pfawmfonfynm&SdESif hpmayrwwfaomvlwef;pm; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;tm;

em;vnfEdkifapNyD; tusdK;xGef;aprnfhol\or®mw&m; udka[mMum;cJhonf/ Ak'¨bmom *gxmawmfrsm;onf raumif;aomuHMur®mudky,f&Sm;&ef&Gwf qdkMu onf/ 0wfjyK&mae&m Adrmeftm;oefY&Sif;ap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? aumif;aom uHMur®ma&mufvmap&ef vnf;aumif;*gxm &GwfqdkMuonf/ olwdkYonf\0wfjyKjcif;onfppfrSefaomqnf;yl;avhvmrIrsdK;r[kwfay/ or®musrf;pmESifh*gxmrSmvGefpGmuGmjcm;vSygonf/ or®musrf;pmxJwGif yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;pDESifhqkdifaomEIwfuywfawmfrsm;? touf&Sifaombk&m;\ wwfpGrf;jcif;udkvlwdkYrrSDEdkifaom t&mwdkYyg&Sdonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfutouf0if&Sifoef opfvGifatmifjyKvkyf ay;EdkifaMumif; awGY&onf/ ppfrSefaomtouf&SifusifhapmifhrIrsm;? bk&m; ocif\ om;awmfonfvlom;ZmwdcH,líuREkfyfwdkYüwnfawmfrl aMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/(a,m 1;14)uREfkyfwdkYonfc&pfawmf\ emrudk trSDjyKíawmif;cHEdkifaMumif; qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzihf &&SdEdkifaMumif;? bk&m; ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfor®musrf;pmtm;jzifh qufoG,fwkefYjyefEdkifay onf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonftouf&Sifaompum; vHk; rsm; jzpfNyD; vlom;wdkY\t&nftaoG;? tBuHtpnfrsm;udkxGif;azmufodjrif  Edkifayonf/(a[NAJ 4;12-14)pm&GufjzLay:wGiftvHk;eufrsm;jzifh ½dkufESdyf xm;jcif;xuf vGefpGmrsm;jym;pGmazmfjyxm;onf/ touf&Sifaombk&m;\ tvdkawmfESifh&nfrSef;xm;csufrsm;onf ,aeYxdwdkifouf0ifvIyf&Sm;um uREfkyfwdkYxH ul;pufum woufwmajymif;vJrIudkjzpfaponf/

                Ak'¨0g'onfwpfpHkwpfckay:wGifur®vTrf;rdk; tusdK;ouf a&mufrIudk awGUjrif&onf/ wpfpHkwpfOD;onfrdwfaqGESifh aqGrsdK;rsm;\ tusdK; jzpfxGef; ap&ef arwåmydkYEdkifonf/ (þarwåmydkYjcif;enf;vrf;onf Ak'¨bmom &[ef;rsm;tzdkY xl;qef;pGm vHkavmufrItvSL&&SdrIudk jzpfaponf/) xdkYtjyif þuJhokdY arwåmydkYjcif;onfaemifb0twGuf uHMur®mudk vTrf;rdk;rIjyKEdkif onf/okdYaomfb,f t&mtay:ütajccHusygenf;/tb,faMumifh þt&mudk ,HkMunf&ygoenf;/ wpfckrQr[kwfyg/xdkt&monf pdwful; ,OfcH,ljcif; wpfckjzpfonf/ tb,fhaMuifhqdkaomfrnfonfhae&m? þt&mESifh ywfoufí taxmuftxm;&Sdygoenf; b,ft&mrQr&Sdyg/ xdkt&mESifh ywfoufí pdwfcs ,HkMunfEdkifaom usrf;*efpmayxJwGif cdkifvHkaom taxmuftxm; r&Sday/ Ak'¨0ifrsm;uREfkyfwdkYtm; ajymjyaom tcg ewfjynfwGif 0ifpm;Edkif&ef yHkpH(26) rsdK;&SdNyD;? aumif;uifatmufqHk;ü 9uka# vlb0usifvnfí 84000 urÇmay:xGef;rIxJü taumif;qHk; tjrifhqHk;csdefü wm0wdom ewfjynfü0if&onf/ b,fvdkenf; tm;jzifh þazmfjycsufudk trSefw&m; wpfcktjzpf,lEdkifygoenf;/ tajcwifjiif;cHk rIrS&&Sdaom pmwrf;taxmuftxm; r&SdbJESifhavm? ESpfaygif;2500 cefYutouf&SifcJhzl;aom olwpfOD;\ axmufcHajymqdkrIrSavm? trSef wu,f ajymcJhygoavm/ xdkpdwful;,OfrI wpfckjzifh&Sifoef touf&Sif Edkifol wpfa,mufonf vGefpGm odtjrif uG,fvQuf&SdEdkifygovm;/

 

or®musrf;pmESifhuGJjym;jcm;em;aomt&m

 

                Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onfolwkdY\pmayusrf;rsm;udk½dk;&Sif;pGmrSefuefonf[k rSwf,lí or®musrf;pmtm;rSm;,Gif;onf [krMumcPmrSwf,lMuonf/ odkYaomfvnf;þ t&mrSm tpydkif;OD;pGmxifjrifí axmufyHhtm;jyKEdkif&ef taxmuftxm;rsm; &SmazGpl;prf;Muonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf; ya&mzuf jyKcsuf enf;vrf;rsm;onf ocifa,½Iü rSefuefpGmjynfhpHkapcJhonfh tcsufrsm; onfESdyfuGuf&eftcGifhta&;&&efjzpfaponf/ or®musrf;onf acgif;rmaom *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ajymif;vJap&efa&;om;onfESifh wlnDaMumif; jrif&onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh"r®opfusrf;ESpfckpvHk;onf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\ a0zefydkif;jcm; csufrsm;ESifh jynfh0vQuf&Sdonf/ usrf;ESpfckpvHk;\ usrf;ydk'f rsm;onf*sL;vlrsdK;ESifhc&pf ,mefrsm;ESpfOD;pvHk;\ ydkifqdkifxm;aom usrf;apmifrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ xdkusrf;ESpfapmifvHk;wGif oabmwlpGm a&mpGufa&;om;xm;avonf/ ocifa,½I\tcsdefumvrwdkifrD ESpfaygif;(200)u a[NAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;onf a[ovom(*&dbmom) jyefuJhokdY( septuagint ) usrf;vnf;wnf&SdaecJhonf/  a[NAJusrf;ydk'frsm; udkvnf; *&dbmomokdY ajymif;vJjyefqdkvmcJhMuonf/

     c&pf,meftodkif;0dkif;\vdktyfcsufjyóemudpö&yfrsm;udk azmfxkwf vkyfaqmif&efjzpfay:vm vQif"r®a[mif;usrf; onf ajymif;vJjyifqifrI cHvmcJh&awmhonf/ or®musrf;pmjyóemonf tcsdefumvtwd tus ray;Edkifjcif;? ae&mrodjcif;? emrnfrodjcif;? or®musrf;pm\ jyKjyif ajymif;vJaejcif;twGufrnfonfh tjzpfysufüwm0ef,laMumif; rod&jcif;yifjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmonfrSm;,Gif;&rnf[k olwdkY xifjrif ,lqMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaom fazmfjyygt&mrsm;udk oufaojyí r&ay/ taxmuftxm;cdkifvHkrIr&Sdjcif;aMumifhAk'¨bmom0if wdkYxdwfvefYapaoma&;om;csufrsm;onfxdk;ESufwdkufcdkuf vmonf/ (bDpD 2&mpkrSmcsdefumvujzpfNyD;"r®a[mif;rl&if;usrf;pmvdyfrSjzpfonf/) yifv,faousrf;pmvdyfonf aysmufqHk;aom aqGpOfrsdK;qufrsm;udk jyefvnful;,ljcif;rsm;udk zGifhjyxm;onf/ þul;,la&;om;rIonf (bDpD2&mpkjzpfonf) xdkusrf;pmrsm;udk qufpyfMunfhaomtcg aemufydkif;rSa&;om;aom usrf;vdyfonf wduspGm a&;om;xm;rIudk awGU&onf/The Codex Alexandxinus usrf;wGif "r®opfusrf;[k vnf;ac:aom(Septuagint) ESifhvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;yg0ifaeNyD;  om;a&ay: wGif a&;om;xm;umtenf;qHk; at'D4&mpkaemufydkif;u a&;om;xm; onf/Codex Siniaticus usrf;pmvdyfonf "r®opfusrf;yg0ifNyD; tenf;qHk; at'D3&mpkcefYua&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ Codex Vaticanus [laomusrf;pmrSmrl4&mpk tcsdefumvrSa&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ azmfjyygCodex Alexandxinus, Codex Siniaticus, Codex Vaticanus usrf;apmifrsm;tm;vHk;onfta&;BuD;aom taxmuf txm;rsm;tjzpf oabmwlqHk;jzwfxm;Muonf/ yxrusrf;ESpfapmifrSm jAwdefEdkifiHvef'efNrdKUjywdkufwGif&SdNyD;wwd,usrf;pmrSm bmwduefNrdKU

(vatican)wGif&Sdaeayonf/xdkYaMumifhtenf;qHk; 17 &mpkausmfuyif vQif"r®opfusrf;pmrsm;rSmajymif;vJrI&SdaMumif; rnfonfhenf;ESifh rqdk ajymif;vJoGm;EdkifaMumif;ajymEdkifayonf/ xdkYaMumifh4if; tcsdefumvrsm;udk ausmfvGefvmcJhNyD;a&;om;aom usrf;apmifrsm;rSm ajymif;vJrIrsm; rvGJ{uef&Sd&rnf[laom ajymqdkrIudkrjiif;qdkEdkifay/ xdktay:ü tajcjyKum Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ pmaywdkY onfvnf; ajymif;vJEdki fp&m&Sd aMumif;,lq Ekdifayonf/ tenf;qHk;a&S;usaom "r®opfusrf;\ t&if;tjrpf24000udk &SmazGpdppfus&mwGif vGefpGmtusdK;&SdvSayonf/ Ak'¨bmom pmayrsm; xufvGefpGm a&S;usvQuf&SdaMumif; ppfaq;od&Sd EdkifMuayonf/ xyfrH ítaumif;qkH;aom  taxmufyHhjzpfapaom Homer's  Iliad  \ pmtkyfrSm 643ESpfoufwrf;rQom&Sdonf/ &Sifa,m[ef\ rl&if; pmaytydkif; tpudk tcsdefumvjyefMunfh&m at'D120u a&;om; xm;jcif; jzpfayonf/

               

                &SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;rSmrl at'D 65 ckESpfua&;om;xm;avonf/ tcsdKUaomuGJjym;jcm;em;aeonfh usrf;rsm;udk zwf&onfrSmusrf;\ tESpf om&wGuf tusdK;oufa&mufrIr&SdjzpfaeNyD? tcsdKUaom usrf;pmayrSm "r®opfusrf; wGifyg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;tjyiftjcm;aom uGJjym;jcm;em; onfh taMumif;t&mwpfckudk vnf;a&;om;onf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwkYd\ pmaywGif vnf;csJUwGifa&;om;xm;aomuGJvGJaeonfh pmayrsm;pGm&Sday onf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomfAk'¨y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;aemufESpfaygif; 300cefYrS pwifí EIwfjzifhqifhyGm;oifMum;ay;&mrSmþuJhokdY pmayrsm;pGm ay:xGuf vmcJh&ayonf/ Ak'¨w&m;awmfudk vlaygif;rsm;u uGJjym;jcm;em;rI rsm;pGmjzifh teuf t"dyÜg,fzGifhjcif;ESifh a&;omjcif;jyKcJh&m ,aeYacwfwGif rnfonfh pmayrSm usrf;abmiftwGif;odkYoGif;&rnfudk4if;? rnfonfhpmayrSm usrf;abmifoGif;ír&aMumif;jiif;cHkrIBuD;xGm;vQuf&Sdaeonf/ at'D 6&mpk ua&;om;usefcJhaom Ak'¨pmayom a&S;usqHk;aom rl&if;pmaytjzpf rSwf,l jcif;rSm or®musrf;pmudkrSwf,lvufcH xm;rIESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;ayonf/ uREfkyfwdkYwGifrnfonfh usrf;wpfckonfrl&if;usrf;pm tjzpfcH,lrIrSm xl;jcm; vSonf/usrf;pmwGifa&mpGufjznfhoGif;xm;rIr&Sdaom usrf;tm;rl &if;usrf;tjzpfcHjyKowfrSwfayonf/ xdkYaMumifhusrf;wwf Ak'¨bmom 0ifwdkYtm;rl&if;usrf;ESifh oufqdkifaom ar;cGef;tm;jzifh tEdkifjyK& ayrnf/

 

3.2 trSefw&m;ESifhqdkifaomxifjrif,lqcsuf

 

                Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;ajz&Sif;a&;om; csufwGif]]c&pf,mefbmomonf tmPmudktoHk;jyKíEdkifxufpD;eif;jyKaom olrsm;ESifhwlonf/}} [kazmfjy xm;onf/]]oifonf,HkMunf&rnf? xdkokdYr[kwfygu tjypfpD&ifjcif; cH& onf/}} [laomtcsufudk axmufjyxm;onf/ Ak'¨bmomwGifrl vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fEdkifNyD; ,HkMunfrItenf;(okdY)trsm;ukd rdrdwdkYESpfouf&mcGifhjyK xm;onf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onfbdk;ab;wdkYcH&aom usdefjcif;tm;jzifhtjypfoufa&mufNyD;emusifrI'ku©a0'emcHpm;&aMumif; oGefoifrIcH,lMuonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;url wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomoltm; jzifhtm;aomrsm;\tvdkjynfhpHkapjcif;onf ,HkMunfrIyHkpHwpfck\ tusdK; &v'f wpfckudk0dnmOf&SdolwdkY\ tjriftm;jzifhzGJU pnf;xm;rIyHkpH jzpfonf[k ajymqkdNyD;? wpfOD;wpfa,mufpDwdkif;ESifhoufqdkifonfh tcGifhta&;ydkif;qdkif&m ,HkMunfouf0ifrIrsm;udkrl av;pm;aMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/

þawG;ac:csufonfAk'¨a[mMum;aomwpfpHkwpfckwGif,HkMunfjcif;onf

tusdK;wpfckjzpfxGef;rnf[lía[mMum; jcif;onfrcdkifrmonhf tajcjyKrI ay:wGif wpfpHkwpfckudk,HkMunfaejcif;yif/ xl;jcm;rIwpfckrSm olwdkY,HkMunf aeaom t&mxJwGif Fascism ESifh Satanism ESifhwlaom ,kHMunfrIrsdK; yg0ifaeonf/ xyfrHíawGY&Sd&onfrSmtm½HkjyKjcif;rSrnfuJhodkYjzpfysuf aeonfudkt"dyÜg,fav;eufpGmajymjyEdkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ xdkt&monf rSefonfqdkvQifrSm;,Gif;rIvnf;&Sd&ayrnf/ xdkYaMumifhEdkifxufpD;eif; oabmqefaomar;cGef;rsm;udkpGefYvTwfaqG;aEG;&ayrnf/ Ak'¨bmomtwGif; ,HkMunfrIudkaoGzDoGm;aponfh pDpOfxm;rIudk ñTefjyxm;NyD; bmomw&m; twGif;ü t<uif;rJhppfrSefaomopömw&m; tajccHrIrwlnDaMumif; ñTefjyavonf/ Ak'¨bmomtwGif;ü rwlnDaomyHkpHrsm;jzifh oHk;oyfrI jyEdkifonf/ Zif(Zen)? ax&0g'(Theravada )? Soka-gakkai    wdbuf  Ak'¨bmom? oefY&Sif;aomajr Ak'¨bmomtp&SdojzifhawGU&ayonf/

c&pf,mefbmomxJwGif wa,mufaomoltm;jzifh vlom;tm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&&ef tcGifhta&;wpfckwnf;&Sdcsdef wGifAk'¨bmomwGif tzefwvJvJjzpfysuf0ifpm;rIudk oifMum;ay;onf/ xkdokdYtopf wzef jyefvnfarG;zGm;jcif;jzpfpOf qdkonfrSm yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;wGif edAÁmefudk&&efrSm tqHk;tpr&SdonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;&SdygrS &&SdEkdifayonf/ qdkvdk&if;rSm xdkyk*d¾Kvf wGif taESmiftzGJUrStpOftNrJvGwfajrmufae&ayrnf/ tjiif; yGm;p&m tcsufwpfckjzpfaom a,½Itm;bk&m;ocif\om;awmf uJhokdYvltm; aojcif;rStouf&SifapEdkifjcif;? tcGifhtmPmcHpm;&&Sdjcif;udk vufcHjcif; (odkY)jiif;y,fjcif;rsm;yg0ifaeayonf/ Ak'¨bmomwGif tcsdefumpuf0dkif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í w&dpämefüjyefarG;zGm;rIcH&jcif;(odkY)qdk;aomolrsm;\ ed*Hk;b0oHo&mvnfywfrIrS edAÁmefodkYa&muf&Sdonftxda&S;½Iaeayonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm vlqdkwpfOD;ESifhwlaom(Adolf Hitler)yifvQif edAÁmefokdY a&muf&Sd aeayvdrfhrnf/ þt&mrSm vlom;rsm;vkyfaqmifrItwGuf wm0efr&Sday/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf uREfkyfwkYdonf jyefvnf 0ifpm;í jzpfwnfvdkufygae&aom aMumifhyif or®musrf;pmESifha,½I\ oifMum;rI rsm;wGif a,½IonfvlYb0toufwm? tusifhw&m;jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkif&ef t"dut&if;cHjzpfaMumif;oGefoifxm;onf/ uREfkyfwdkY,ckb0tb,fuJhokdY touf&Sif aexdkifrIonf w&m;pD&ifcH&rnfh tcsdefESifhrnfuJhodkY qufpyfrI &Sdonf/ uREfkyfwdkYpkdufonfhtwdkif; &dwfMu&ayrnf/ (*vm 6;8) xdkYtwGufaMumifhbk&m;ocif\ jyaomvrf;udk odolübk&m;ocif ay;tyf aomwm0ef&Sdayonf/ xdkt&mrsm;udktvdkawmf twdkif;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh w&m;pD&ifcH&ayrnf/ jiif;qefrIr&SdbJ bk&m;ocif\OD;aqmifrIaemufwGif rdrdwdkYtoufwm? tjyKtrlrsm;udkowdjyKapmifhxdef;oGm;&efjzpfayonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfc&pfawmfvuf0g;uyfwdkifütaocHjcif;tm;jzifh touf&Sif Mu&onf/ þtwGuftcGifhta&;qkdonfrSmESpfcgr&ay/ ]],ckyif u,fwif&m ae&ufumv&Sd\/}}(2aum 6;2) ,aeYwGifbk&m;ocif\ toHudk Mum;&vQifcdkifrmaompdwfESvHk;r&SdMuESifh[k (a[NAJ 3;7-15)wGif azmfjyxm;ayonf/(zd2;12) wGif]]udk,fudku,fwifjcif;iSm udk,fwdkifBudK;pm; tm;xkwfMuavmh}}[kazmfjyxm;onf/ tu,fíuREfkyfwdkYonf oHo&mudk jzwfaom edAÁmefokdYul;ajrmufa&muf&SdEdkif t<uif;rJhtqHk;xdwdkif BudK;yrf; tm;xkwf&ayrnf/ ,cktajctaet& uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifh tenf;i,fom BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI&Sdonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrSm tedrfhqHk; tajctaeü a&S;½Iaeayonf/ 0dnmOftoufwmtwGuf BudK;yrf;tm; xkwfaomtcg uREfkyfwdkYonfedrfhusaomtouf &SifrIrsm; ajymif;vJum BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI rsm;jzpfvmonf/ vlom;wdkYawGUBuHKcHpm;rIESifh or®m usrf;pm\vlom;wdkY\obm0tay:½IjrifrIESpfckpvHk;onf uREfkyfwdkY toufwm tay:üqifjcifoHk;oyf&ef vrf;jyrIjyKNyD;Ak'¨bmomuroxdk t&mrsm;udkjiif;y,fxm;onf/

                Ak'¨bmomonf]]bmomwpfckudkyHkazmfxm;rIwpfck}}(a designer religion) jzpfonf[kuREfkyfawGUjrif&onf/ oifESpfoufygu ,HkMunfEdkifNyD; tqHk;r&SdaomoHo&m\ rwlnDaomtqifhrsm;pGm&Sdonfudk 4if;? trsdK;rsdK;aomjzpfwnfcsuf rIrsm;udkvrf;ñTefxm;NyD; trsdK;rsdK;aom uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh oGefoifrIudkawGU&ayrnf/ ]]us,fajymvSaom Ak'¨pmay rsm;wGifb,ft&monf oifhtwGuftusdK;jzpfxGef;aponfudk wduspGm odjrif&efvdktyfygonf/}} þt"dyÜg,frSm or®mw&m;zGifhqkdcsufuJhodkYaom taMumif;w&m;r[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkYtwGufoHo&mvnfjcif;ESifh raocsm aom t&mrsm;om usef&pfapcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfonf or®mw&m;jzpfaMumif;a,½IuoGefoifxm;onf/(a,m 17;17) or®m usrf;pmonf omvQiftrSefw&m;jzpfonf[k aMumfjimjcif;onf tvGefBuD;rm;aomt[efYtwm;udkjzpf aponf/ oifudk,fwdkifpepfuspGm avhvmqnf;yl;rItm;vHk;zwf½INyD;pD;EdkifcJhzl;ygovm;/ xdkt&mrsm;onf udk,fusifhw&m;ydkif;qdkif&mtm; xl;jcm;apEdkifavmufatmifwnfh rwfpGm xdk;ESufrIrsdK; jrifawGUzl;ygovm;/ wpfcgwpf&Hpdwftm; xufoefap onf? wpfcgwpf&H armyef;rIrsm;udkajyaysmufapaom oifMum;onfh oifcef;pm rsm;jzifh toufwmudkydkYaqmifay;avonf/ þqdkvdkcsufonf trSefw&m; wpfckuJhokdYxifjrif,lqír&ay/ xdkYaMumifhtrSm;ESifh trSef oabmudk em;vnfrIr&Sd? tjypfESifhqdkifonfhxifjrif ,lqcsufrwljcif; tay:ü rSefonf[k xifrSwf,lqír&Edkifay/ trsdK;rsdK;aom Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;\ ½Ia'gifhrsm;onfausmfvGef vmcJhonfh tcsdefumvESifhrd½dk;zvmcH,lcsufrsm;ü tom;pm;jcif;ESifhESdyfpufñSif;yef;jcif;onfudk,fusifhw&m;ESifhtodynm wdkYMum;y#dyu©jzpfapaomAk'¨bmom\apmifhxdef;rIOyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ ygVdusrf;wGif Ak'¨udk,fwkdiftom;pm;aMumif; zGifhqdka&;om;xm;onfudk rSwfom;od&Sd&onf/ odkYaomfvnf;ol\wynfhoHCmrsm;onf wd&dpämeftom;udkpm;jcif;onf vlYb0udkjyef&aponf[laom jyefvnf 0ifpm;jcif;udk oGefoifxm;aomaMumifh edAÁmefra&mufrSm pdk;í tom;pm;jcif;udk a&SmifMunf cJhMuonf/ tb,fol\ udk,fusifh w&m;ydkif; qdkif&m pHjyKxm;jcif;rSmxl;jcm;í rSefuefrI&Sdygoenf;/ EIwfuywfawmf w&m;ü bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;rIrcH&vQif vkyfydkifcGifh tcGifh tmPmonf&[ef;rsm;üomvQif&SdEdkifayrnf/ Ak'¨bmomwGif nDñGwfaom udk,fusifhw&m;ydkif;qdkif&m oGefoifrI rawGU&ay/ c&pf,mefwkdY\ c&pfawmf\ w&m;awmftm;pBuF0XmwpfckvHk; ESifhqdkifaom pHxm; owfrSwfrIESifh vGefpGmuGm[aeayonf/(1aum 9;21)þuJhokdYaom tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkYonfoabmayguf em;vnfvQufpdwfaESmifh,Sufr&SdapbJ ½dk;om;rSefuefpGm xdk;azmufodjrifaom ajymqdkrIrsm;udk qufvufajymqdk&ef vdkayonf/ ocifa,½IonfuREfkyfwdkYb0xJwGif tb,fuJhodkYawGUqHkNyD; vkyfaqmifay;jcif;(okdY) ajymqdkjcif;(odkY) cHpm;&ygoenf;/ olonfuREfkyfwdkY twGuf udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfíol\ b0toufwmü 'ku©a0'em cHpm;&NyD; vlom;rsm;uJhokdY cHpm;&rI&Sdayonf/ uREfkyfwdkYrpGrf;aqmifEdkifaom t&mrsm; udk od&SdNyD;c&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfpdwfcspGm vufcHaomtcg uREfkyfwdkY ae&mwGifudk,fpm;vS,f 0ifa&mufcHpm;aomaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY b0 touf wmwGif t"dyÜg,f&SdpGmtESpfom&&Sd&Sd udk;uG,fMuayonf/ ppfrSefaom c&pf,mef rsm;onfc&pfawmfwnf;[laom yk*d¾Kvfawmftay:ü ,HkMunf udk;uG,faom t,l0g'jzpfonf/ atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh twdkif; þuJhokdY&Sif;jyygrl c&pf,mefppfrsm;tMum; pnf;vHk;rI NydKuGJ apEdkifonf/ c&pfawmfonf q&mwpfOD;rQomr[kwf pdwful;xJrS yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;omjzpfí Ak'¨uJhokdYyifvlom;wpfOD;jzpfonf/ olonf urÇmBuD; xJü vlZmwd cH,l onf(a,m 1;14) olonf touf&SifcJhNyD;? xif&Sm;jywfom;pGmajym qdkjcif; tm;vHk;onfol\ zcifoifMum;ay;aom pum;rsm;om azmfjyonf/

 

3.3 Ak'¨ESifhocifa,½ItMum;EdIif;,SOfcsuf

 

                Ak'¨onfrif;om;wpfyg;uJhodkYzGm;jrifcJhonf/ zcif\xD;eef;udk pGefYcJhonf/ olarG;zGm;vmaomtcgtem*wfa[majym olrsm;uol\ crnf;awmftm;ajymjyonfrSm olonfomrefuav;wpfOD;r[kwfay/ tdE´d, wpfEdkifiHvHk; udknDñGwfapaom EdkifiHawmfwpfcktjzpf vkyfaqmifjcif; (odkY) xdkavmu urÇmESifhoufqdkifaom EdkifiHudk pGefYy,fvQif avmuurÇm wpfckvHk;udk a&G;EIwfu,fwifaom yk*d¾Kvfjzpfvmvdrfhrnf[kBudKwifa[m ajymcJhMuonf/ þuJhodkYa[mudef;xkwfaomaMumifhxdkuav;i,fonf avmu BuD;twGif;&Sd'ku©trsdK;rsdK;wdkYudkjynfhpHkpGmcHpm;odjrifBuD;jyif;vm NyD; pnf;pdrfcHpm;rItm;vHk;udkpGefYBuJay;urf;chJonf/ olonftdk? em? aojcif; udkjzpfapaomawGUqHkBuHKawGUaomt&mrsm;udk ckcHumuG,fcJhonf/

tm;vHk;eD;yg;azmfjycsufrsm;ESifh c&pfawmf\toufwmrSm uGmjcm;vGef;vS onf/ a,½Ionfwd&dpämefwif;ukyfwpfckwGifzGm;jrifcJh&onf/ ol\rdbrsm; onf olarG;zGm;&ef'kku©qif;&Judk t&if;jyKvkyfaqmifay;cJhonfh qif;&Jaom olrsm;jzpfonf/ a,½Ionfvuform;wpfOD;jzpfNyD; aoqHk;aomtcg&mZ 0wfom;uJYokdYaoqHk;cJh&onf/ vuf0g;uyfwdkifwGif emusifa0'emcHum bkef;toa&pGefYvTwfNyD;? tapcHuRef\o@mef aqmif,lumedrfhusae aom vlUtzGJUtpnf;BuD;twGufaojcif;udk&ifqdkifcJh&onf/ edrfhusjcif;jzifh qif;oufvkyfaqmifjcif;aMumifh tjrifhqHk;aom csD;ajr§muf jcif;udkcHcJh&onf/(zd 2;5-11) tb,faMumifh qdkaomf olonfuREfkyfwkdY cHpm;&aom avmu"H w&m;udkcHpm;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifholonf uREfkyfwkdYawGUBuHKcHpm;&rIudkjynfh 0pGm em;vnfNyD; xdkt&m rsm;udk tajccHumbk&m; ocifxHrScGifhvTwfay;&ef awmif;cHEdkifaom ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIjyKEdkifaomoljzpfonf/(a,m 15;16)okdY aomfvnf;a,½Ionf<u,f0 jynfhpHkNyD; uREfkyfwdkYudkapmifha&SmufEdkif&ef olonfqif;&J 'ku©cHpm;&ayonf/ xdkqif;&J'ku©cHpm;rIudk rluREfkyfwdkYtwGuf pnf;pdrfcsrf; om jyKvkyfay;cJh avonf/ (2aum 8;9)

                Ak'¨onfu,fwifaom t&Sifwpfyg;jzpfonf[k xif;&Sm;ap&ef qdk&m wGif olonfvlom;wkdYtm;u,fwif&ef 4if;udk,fudktb,fuJhokdYvkyfaqmif usifhBuH&rnfudk jycJhavonf/ ol\jyocsufrSm udk,fwdkif vkyfaqmifjcif; tm;jzifh oHo&mrSvGwfajrmufbdkYBudK;pm;tm; xkwf&efESifh xdkvrf;pOf twdkif; rSefuefpGmvdkufyg&efjyocJhavonf/ or®musrf;pmü azmfjycsuf t&(a&m3;10)wGifajzmifhrwfaomolr&Sd? wpfa,mufrQr&Sd[k azmfjyxm; ayonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onftjypf\ csKyfaESSmifrIudkcH&aomolrsm; jzpfMuonf/(a&m 3;22?*vm ;22)vlonfrdrdudk,fudk ru,fwifEdkifay/(a&m 7;15-25)wGif&Sifaygvk\tjypfaMumifhcH&aom 'ku©a0'emESifh qdkifí qifjcifazmfjyxm;onfrSm-

 

            ]]igonfudk,fusifhaomtusifhudkrESpfouf? usifhcsifaom tusifhudkrusifh? &GH&Smaomtusifhudkusifh\/ xkdokdY igonfrusifhcsifaomtusifhudkigudk,fwdkifusifhonfr[kwf? ightxJüaeaomtjypfw&m;onfusifh\/ ightxJü ighZmwdyuwdü aumif;aomt&m wpfpHkwpfckrQ rwnf onfudkigod\/ taMumif;rlum;igonf usifhcsif aompdwf &Sdaomfvnf;? aumif;pGmusifhwwfaom tcGifhudk&Smí rawGUEdkif/ igonfusifhcsifaomtusifh aumif;udkrusifh? rusifhcsifaomtusifhqdk;udkusifh\/ xdkokdYigonf rusifh csifaom tusifhudkusifhvQif igudk,fwdkifusifhonfr[kwf? ightxJüaeaomtjypfw&m;onfusifh\/ xdkokdY aumif; aomtusifhudkusifhcsifaomtcg? raumif;aom tusifhudk usifhapwwfaomw&m;udkigawGU\/ igonftwGif; vltm; jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudkESpfouf\/ odkYaomf vnf;igudk,ft*Fgrsm;ü&Sdaomw&m;wpfyg;onf pdwf 0dnmOfw&m;udk qdkifNydKifwkduf vSefojzifh ight*Fgrsm;ü&Sdaom tjypfw&m;vufokdY ighudk zrf;oGm;tyfESHonfudk igjrif\/ igonfNidKjiifaomol jzpfygonfwum;? þtaoaumifrS ighudk tb,fol u,fvTwfrnfenf;? ighwdkY ocifa,½Ic&pf tm;jzifh u,fvTwf awmfrlaom bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf BuD;vSay\/ xdkokdYpdwf0dnmOf tm; jzifhbk&m;ocif\ w&m;awmftvdkokdY4if;? Zmwdyuwdtm;jzifh tjypfw&m; tvdkokdY4if;igvdkufwwf\/}} [kqifjcif pOf;pmp&mawGU jrif&ayonf/

 

                uREfkyfwkdYudk,fwdkif&SifaygvkuJhokdYcHpm;&onfrSmaocsmygovm;/ c&pfawmfonfuREfkyfwdkYatmf[pfoHESifhESvHk;om; cHpm;csufrsm;\ tajz yifjzpfonf/ vlonfrdrdudk,fudkru,fwifEdkifay/]]a,½I}}[laom trnf\t"dyÜg,frSm u,fwifaom t&Sif[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ Ak'¨(okdY) a,½IonfuREfkyfwdkY\u,fwifaomt&Sifjzpfonf/ tcsdKUaom Ak'¨bmom 0ifrsm;ajymqdk&m wGifc&pf,mefbmomonfAk'¨bmomESifh wlqDavsmf rSefuefaomt&mrsm;udk a[majymonf/ &Sif;&Sif;ajym&ygrl xdkt&mvnf; rjzpfEdkifay/ Ak'¨onftb,frSm,cka&mufaeygoenf;/ olonf ,ck u,fwifygovm;/ u,fwifjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf rnfuJhokdY t"dyÜg,f&Sdygoenf;/ Ak'¨onfaojcif;rmefudkatmifjrifygovm;/ Ak'¨onf tjypfESifhaojcif;udktb,fokdYtEdkif,lí tjypfrsm;udk o,faqmifoGm; onfudk awGUjrif&ygovm;/ Ak'¨wGif tjypfESihfuif;ygovm;/ Ak'¨bmom 0ifrsm;onftm½HkaMumrsm;ESifh qdkifaom ar;cGef;rsm; taMumif;ar;jcif;onf tjypfw&m;ESifh oufqdkifonfh xifjrif,lqcsufrsm; trSefyg0ifaeNyD; tEdkif &ap&efa&G;cs,frIjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ t&Sdw&m;taejzifh owfrSwfcH,l&ef jzpfaMumif; Ak'¨bmomwGifxif&Sm;pGmawGUjrif&onf/

                aumif;aomur®onf punya (okdY)pifMu,fjcif;wefcdk;udk&&Sdap aMumif;awGUjrif&ygonf/ okdYaomfvnf;rdrdtwåudkoefY&Sif;apaom wefcdk; jzpfNyD;uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;twGif;üoefY&Sif;rIrjzpfEdkifay/ ocifa,½I\ tawG;awmftm;jzifhuREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaom oefY&Sif; pifMu,f rIudk&aponf/(1a,m 1;7)olonfuREfkyfwdkY emusifrI ESifhvlom; wkdYuJhokdY qmavmifrGwfodyfrIudkuREfkyfwdkYudk,fpm; 0ifa&muf wifaqmif,lNyD; tjypfESifhuif;aomoljzpfonf/ xdka0'emrsm;udkcHpm;vQuf 0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifNyD;aemuf &Sifoef x ajrmuf um xm0& touf&Sifaomoljzpfonf/ ol\toufwmjzpfysufrIrsm;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkY arQmfvifhaom u,fwifjcif; udkay;awmfrlcJhonf/ ol\ taocHawmfrljcif; onfuREkfyfwkdYtm;oefY&Sif;apNyD;bk&m;ocif \tjypfvTwfjcif;udk uREfkyfwdkYcHpm;&&Sdjcif;rSm a,½Ic&pfawmfaMumifh jzpfygonf/

 

3.4 bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmf^ OmPfawmf

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ak'¨onftwåudkjiif;y,faomoD;jcm;wnf&Sdtouf&Sifaom                     yk*d¾Kvf bk&m;wpfqljzpfonf/ okdYaomfwpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;udkudk;uG,frI qdkif&mol\t<uif;rJhtjrif½IaxmifhrSmouf&Sdt&mcyfodrf;wdkYonfyk*d¾Kvf r[kwfonhftiftm;wpfckjzifh vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmwGif rlbk&m;ocifonfpMu0VmudkcsKyfudkifEdkifNyD;vlwpfOD;pDwdkif;\touf&SifrI vrf;pOfrsm;udk*½kwpdkufapmifhxdef;onf/(qmvH 46;10)wGifazmfjyxm; csufrSm]]igum;bk&m;ocifjzpfonf[kodrSwfMuavmh/ vlrsdK;wdkYigonf bkef;yGifhrnfhajrBuD;ay:rSmbkef;yGifhrnf/}} [kazmfjyxm;onf/

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ak'¨\a<u;aMumfoHrSmtem*wftcsdefumvwGifcsrf;omokcudk              &&Sdapaom edAÁmefoGm;&mvrf;udkjyEdkifolrSmAk'¨wpfyg;wnf;om jzpfonf [ka<u;aMumfxm;onf/ ocifa,½IrdefYawmfrl cJhonfrSmbk&m;ocif xHokdY a&mufEdkifaom vrf;c&D;rSma,½Ic&pfawmfomvQifjzpfonf/ (a,m 14;6) xdkt&monfuGJjym;jcm;em;aeaomvQdK0SufaomrdefYrSmawmfrl csufyifjzpfonf/ a,½IonfuREfkyfwdkYtm;toufwmopf qDokdYqufoG,frI ay;aomyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;jzpfNyD;wefcdk;BuD;aom bk&m;vnf;jzpfonf [kñTef jyxm;onf/ Ak'¨onftawG;tac:ynm&SifwpfOD; jzpfNyD;ol\ aemufvdkuf rsm;tm;udk,fydkif aysmf&Tifcsrf;omrI tjrifhrm;qHk;tqifhokdY a&muf&Sdap onfhtawG;tac:rsm;udkay;tyfcJhonf/ þuJhodkY tawG;tac:udk aocsm pGm qef;ppfvQifbmrQrepfemaomfvnf; wpfudk,faumif;qefrIrsdK; awGU&onf/Ak'¨bmomonfrdrdudk,fudkwefcdk;&&Sdapaom taMumif; t&mrsm;yifjzpfonf/ þtaMumif;t&monf bk&m; tjzpf odkY a&muf&Sd&ef tusdK;oufa&mufrI&SdNyD;vGwfajrmuf&m vrf;odkYarQmfrSef;&&Sdaponf/ c&pfawmfonf rdrdaumif;usdK;twGuf vkyfaqmifjcif;wefcdk;olür&Sday/ uREfkyfwdkYonftm;vHk; twlwuGBudK;pm;aomfvnf; wpfckwnf; okdYom jzpfwnfEdkifNyD;? vlZmwdcH,lxm;aom oljzpfaMumif;aocsmygu oludk,fhol  ru,fwifEdkifaomtjzpftysufrSm uREfkyfwdkYwGif&Sdaeayonf/ or®musrf; pmxJwGifbk&m;ocifonftm;vHk;aomwefcdk; &&Sd&eft&if;tjrpf[k oifMum;xm;ayonf/þwefcdk;(okdY)0dnmOfawmfonf zefqif; awmfrljcif;ESifh t&mcyfodrf;tm; apmifha&Smuf jyKpkonfhwefcdk;rsm;yg0if avonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;onf EIwfawmfxGufpum;? or®musrf; pm\ wefcdk;onf vlom;\b0xJ&Sdudk,fusifhw&m;ydkif;qdkif&m udkjyKjyifajymif;vJay;Edkifavonf/ vl\ESvHk;om;vGefpGm qdk;npfvmaom tcsdefwGifoludk,fwdkiftb,fvdk raumif;rIrsdK; jzpfaeaMumif; qifjcifqef;ppfrIrjyKEdkifawmhay/(a,m 17;9)uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwfESvHk; twGif;okdYMunfhrnfqdkygu uREfkyfudk,fwdkifajymif;vJjyKjyifEdkif&ef aumif;rGef aponfhudk,fydkifwefcdk;vHkavmufpGm r&Sdjcif;udk&Sif;vif;pGm awGU&ayonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;\ wefcdk;tmPmrSm qifjcifwHkw&m; ydkif;qdkif&mom vQifjzpfNyD; rdrdudk,fudkqef;ppfapcdkif;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmom0i fa,musmf;ESifhrdef;rrsm;üaoqHk;&efrvdkvm;ay/ a,½Ic&pfonf  ]]ocifbk&m;\0dnmOfawmfw&m;jzpfonf/}}(2aum 3;17) [k&Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;ouJhokdYbk&m;ociftm;jzifhaumif;uifESifh ajrBuD;ay:&Sdcyfodrf;aomtcGifhwefcdk;rsm; &Sdonfhudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfESihf apvTwfjcif;cH&onf/(r 28;18)bk&m;ocifonf olü&Sdaom tcGifhwefcdk;udk c&pfawmftay:üvTJajymif;ay;umtouf&Sifaponf/ udk,fydkifqHk;jzwfcsufajcvrf;rsm;jzifh urÇmay:wGifavQmufvSrf;aeaom vrf;udkvlonfrpD&ifwwfay/(a,m 10;23)uREfkyfwdkYudk,fwdkif ajymif;vJ ap&ef ulnD vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;r&Sday/ þazmfjycsufESihftwlrdrdudk,fudk qef;ppfrItm;½dk;om;rI&SdpGmvlom;wdkif;rSwf,lEdkifayonf/

                or®musrf;pm\ udk,fydkifbk&m;ocifonf ocifa,½I\crnf;awmf jzpfNyD;ol\ emrawmfxif&Sm;apaomtaMumif; t&mrsm;udk &SmazGaeonf/ bkef;awmfxif&Sm; &efrSmrlolY udk,fydkif*kPfawmfrsm;xif&Sm;ap&ef ynwfcsufrsm;&Sdayonf/ Ak'®bmomwGifrl pGJvrf;wyfrufrItm;vHk; ESihftwl'ku´a0'emavsmhyg;ap&ef &SmazGMuonf[laom ,ckuJhokdY ajymqdkrIrSmrSm;,Gif; aeNyD;c&pf,meftpkzGJUrsm; 0dnmOfawmf*dkPf; (Pentecostals)\ rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifcsufrsm;uJhokdY yif]]xdkol\trnfESifh awmif;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/}} [líbmomw&m;udk ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m tusdK;jrwf&&Sdapaom a[majymrIrsdK;jzifhzGifhqdk zdwfac:urf;vSrf; rIjyKMuonf/ þuJhokdYvkyfaqmifrIonf? þuJhokdY jyKvkyfjcif;onfrdrdtwåtusdK;twGufbmomw&m;udkudk;uG,frIrSmr&Sd rjzpfwnfrD&maumif;onf[kxifjrifayonf/ odkYaomfvnf; or®musrf;pm wGifrSefuefaomowif;w&m;a[majymrIrSm rSefaombk&m;ocif wpfqlwnf;om &SdNyD;bk&m;ocifbkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef bk&m;udk &Sm&rnfjzpfonf/ol\rSefaomoabm ESifajzmifhrwfjcif; vu©Pmrsm;udk &SmazGNyD;bk&m;oci femrawmfxif&Sm;ap&ef vlrItzGJUtpnf;xJ&Sda,musmf;? rdef;rtm;vHk;udk a&G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;cH&ap&eftpOfa[majym&ayrnf/

 

3.5 aoNyD;aemufb0

 

            aoNyD;aemufuREfkyfbmjzpfrjzpfrnfenf;[laom ar;cGef;rSm omref ar;jref;aomar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomonf þtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufíajzqdkEdkifrIvGefpGmtm;enf;ayonf/ Ak'¨udk,fwdkifyifvQif aoqHk;NyD;aemufwGifrnfodkY&Sdrnfudk wduspGmtmrcHrxm;&SdcJhay/ onfedAÁmef(odkY)xm0&umvay:wGif&Sif;vif;pGmoufMum;rIrsdK;rxm;cJhay/ tawG;tac:ydkif; qdkif&mcsifhcsdefEdIif;qrItaejzifh omol\oGefoifrIudk xm;cJhonf/ ,aeYAk'¨\cE¨mudk,frS"mwfawmfrsm;udk[dr0EÅmawmif\ ajc&if;&Sdukpde&(kusinara)t&yf\apwDxJwGifxm;&Sdayonf/ aoNyD;aemufwnf&rnfhtcsuftvufrsm;udkAk'¨bmomwGif eufeJpGm,ckxdwdkifrajz&Sif;Edkifao;ay/

                uREfkyfonfa,½I\uREfkyfudk,fpm;taocHjcif;ESifh &Sifoef xajrmuf jcif;udk ,HkMunfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf uREfkyfonf c&pfawmfü ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,ljcif; jzifhþ oabmudkem;vnfaomaMumifh yifuREfkyf onf &Sifoefxajrmufí crnf;awmf\ aus;Zl;awmftm; jzihf xm0& toufudk a,½IESifhtwl &&Sdrnf[laom tarQmfvifhjcif; &SdaomaMumifh ,HkMunf&jcif;jzpfygonf/ or®musrf;pmonf aoNyD;aemuf xm0& &Sifoef aom 0dnmOfESifhtouf&SifaprnfqdkaomarQmfvifhcsufrSvGJí tjcm;aom zdwfac:rIr&Sday/ tb,fhaMumifhhqdkaomfc&pfawmfü uREfkyfwdkY wnfaeNyD; c&pfawmfonfvlom;pifppfyHko@mefjzifh taocHNyD; aemuf xajrmuf &Sifoefjcif; yHkpHudkuREkfyfwdkYa wGUjrifcJh&NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY\ arQmfvifhjcif;rSmc&pfawmfü om&&Sdrnfjzpfayonf/ cE¨mudk,fr&Sdaom 0dnmOfuJhokdY r[kwf? oD;jcm;aeaom0dnmOfvnf;r[kwf? ppfrSefaomyk*d¾Kvf? tprf;oyfcHaomyk*d¾Kvftjzpf xif&Sm;jyoawmfrlaom aMumifhyif/

                Ak'¨bmoma[mMum;csufwGifedAÁmefonfaygif;pyfwnfaeum azmfjyír&EdkifouJhokdYpum;ESifhrDSatmifrazmfjyEdkifay/ xdkae&mwGifuREfkyfwkdY tvdkqE´rsm; aygif;pyfwnfaejcif; bmrQr&Sdaomae&m[k em;vnf&onf/ xdkae&mwGif&Sif;vif;pGm t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkEdkifjcif;r&Sdaom arQmfvifhcsuf rsdK;yifjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmwGifrltvGeft"dyÜg,f&SdaomarQmfvifhjcif;azmfjy  xm;NyD;? c&pfawmfjyefvmaomtcgajrBuD;ay:wGif c&pfawmfvkyfaqmif ay;rIjzifh bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufjcif; üyg0ifEdkifolrsm;jzpf&ef arQmfvifhzdwfac:xm;jcifjzpfonf/

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                toufwmopfjzpfay:aomwefcdk;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwleD;uyfpGm &if;ESD;pGmaESmifzGJUjcif;cH,lrSomjzpfEdkifayrnf/ touf&Sifjcif;ESihf razmuf jyefjcif; taMumif;onf {0Ha*vdw&m;tm;jzifh xif&Sm;aponf[k

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                "m;vufeufudkvSHoGm;jzpfaprIonfajrmufrsm;pGmtBuD;tus,f xGef,ufpkdufysdK;rItpdwftydkif;wpfpdwfwpfa'o udk awGUjrifae&ayNyD/ þ uJhokdYaom tusdK;&v'fonftm'H\ tjypfaMumifhajrBuD;onf usdefjcif;cH&aom aMumifhjzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;17-19)þusdK;ouf a&mufrI &v'fonf tpm;tpm&&Sd&SmazG&aom tcef;u@rSm atmufrS ay:aygufvmonfh vdktyfcsufyifjzpfonf/ (qm 72;16)wGif ]]jynfawmfü rsm;pGmaom pyg;&SdítoD;tESHonfavreefawmfuJhokdYawmifxdyfay:rSm vIyf&Sm;vdrfhrnf/ NrdKUolNrdKUom;wdkYvnf;? ajr\jrufyifuJhokdY pnfyifMu vdrfhrnf/}} [kazmfjyxm;onf/(tmrkwf 9;13)wGif ]]v,fxGefaomolonf pyg;&dwfaomoludkvnf;aumif;? pyspfoD;e,faom olonf rsdK;BuJ aomoludk rSDvQufawmifwdkYrS csdKaompyspf&nf,dkí ukef;&SdorQwdkYvnf; t&nfjzpf&ayrnf/}}[kþuJhokdY urÇmajrBuD;udk ajrMoZmaumif;rGefí oD;ESHjzpfxGef; wdk;wufrI&SdapcJhonf/ þuJhokdYaomurÇmajrBuD;\ usdefjcif;udkp wif&mae&mrSm{'ifO,smOfürdefY>rufNyD;aemufwGifjzpfvmcJh &jcif;jzpfonf/ þuJhodkYpkdufysdK;a&;ydkifqdkif&m oGif;ukefxkwfukef vkyfaqmifEdkifaMumif; odjrifjcif;tm;jzifhvlaygif;rsm;pGm wdkYMum; eD;pyfrI &&Sdayonf/ EkdifiHawmfESifhqdkifaom ya&mzufjyKcsufrSm pkdufysdK;a&; qkdif&m vlaerIb0? a&mifh&JauseyfrIb0wpfck pDodkYjyefvm&efvltaygif;wdkY tm;wHqdyfcwfay;cJhonf/(zd 4;4)]]vltaygif;wdkYonf udk,fydkifaom pyspfyifESifhozef;yifatmuf rSmxdkifMuvdrfhrnf/ aMumufapaomol wpfa,mufrQr&Sd&}}[lí azmfjyxm;onf/ þuJhokdYtwåqE´ a&mifh&J wif;wdrfrI onf tvkyform;\vkyftm;cpepf&SdESdyfpufcsdK;ESdrf wwfaom p½dkuf vu©Pmrsm;tm; y,f&Sm;Edkifayrnf/ twdwfuþuJhokdY csdKUwJhaom olrsm;u toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh olYb0toufwmwGif vkyfaqmif cJhMuonf/

                xdkolwdkYonf udk,faqmufaomtdrfí aeMuvdrfYrnf/ udk,fpdkuf aom pyspfO,mOf,sOftoD;udk pm;MuvrfYrnf? olwdkYonftdrfudkaqmufí tjcm;aomolae&rnfr[kwf olwdkonfpyspfO,smOfudkpdkufí tjcm;aom olpm;&rnfr[kwf?  ig\vlwdkYtoufonf opfyif\toufuJodkYjzpfí olwdkYonf udk,fjyKpkaomt&mudkMumjrifhpGmoHk;aqmifMu&vdrfYrnf/ a&T; aumufaomolwdkYonf tcsD;tEDS;rvkyfaqmifMu&? toufwdkYaom om;udk rzGm;jrifMu&? udk,fwdkifrSpítrsdK;tEG,fwdkYonf xm0&bk&m;ay;awmfrl aom aumifcsD;r*FvmudkcH&aomoljzpfvdrfYrnf/

                awmESifhvGifjyifonf0rf;ajrmufvdrfYrnf? qdwfNidrfaomt&yfonf vnf;&Tifvef;íESif;yGifhuJodkYtyGifhyGifhMuvdrfYrnf? tvGefyGifhvef;í 0rf;ajrmufjcif; oDjcif;qdkjcif;ESifhuGjrL;wl;vdrfYrnf? bk&m;ocifonf udk,fawmfwdkif<uvmíoifwdkYudku,fwifawmfrIvdrfYrnf/xdkYtcg rsufpduef;aomolwdkYonf rsufpdyGifvif;MuvdrfYrnf? em;yif;aom olwdkY onf em;yif;jcif;eSifhvGwfMuvdrfYrnf?ajcqGHYaomolwdkYonf '&,fuJodkY ckefvdrfYrnf? pum;taomolwdkYonfoDcsif;qdkMuvdrfYrnf/ taMumif;rI um;awmü prf;a&xGufí vGifjyifü jrpfa&pD;vdrfYrnf wHvQyfonf a&jyifjzpfvdrfYrnf? ajcmufaoGaomajronf prf;a&wGif;jzpfvdrfYrnf/(a[&Sm 35; 1-7)

                awmacG;ESifhodk;i,fwdkYonftwlusufpm;MuvdrfYrnf? jcaoFonf EGm;uJodkYjrufudkpm;vdrfYrnf? a>rrlum; ajrrSKefYudkompm;&vdrfYrnfh? ig\oefY&Sif;aom awmifwjyifvHk;ü tcsif;csif;nSif;qJjcif; zsufqD;jcif;udk rjyK&[k xm0&bk&m;rdefYawmfrl\ (a[&Sm 65;25)

EdkYpdkYoli,fonfvnf; a>rqdk;wGif;ay:rSm upm;vdrfYrnf/(a[&Sm11;6-1)

                a&onfyifv,fudkvTrf;rdk;ouJodkY ajrBuD;onf xm0&bk&m;\ bkef;awmf udkoduRrf;jcif;ynmESifh jynfhpHkvdrfYrnf/ ([A 2;14)

                igtouf&Sifonfjzpfí xm0&bk&m;\ bkef;awmfonf ajrwjyifvHk;ü ysHESHvdrfYrnf/ (awm 14;21)

                þuJhokdYwlnDaomenf;vrf;uJhokdYaomusdefjcif;onf zefqif;jcif; \oabmobm0udkBuD;pGmaomwefzdk;xm; aomtajctaeudk avsmhus apcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhvlom;b0pmemaxmufxm;rIudk enf;yg;apaom t&mjzpfap&efBuH&G,f aeonfht&monfusdefjcif;ESifh tvm;o@mefwl aMumif;odrSwfoifhayonf/ (Asm 20;2-3)wGifbk&m;ESifh oufqdkifaom trSwfvu©PmtoHk;EIef;rsm;ajymqdk&mwGif(tjypfESifh 4if;\ tusdK;quf) uefYowfcsuf&SdaomjzpfpOfrsm;rSmoef;aygif;rsm;pGm twGif; ajymMu&ay onf/ b0udktoHk;jyK&mwGifwdk;wufrIudkjzpfap&rnf/(a[&Sm 65;20) toufw&m;&Sdaomfvnf;oli,f [lírSwf&\/ tjypf&Sdaom olonf toufw&m;&SdvQufaovQifusdefjcif;udcH&aomol[lírSwf&\/}}[kazmfjy xm;onf (a[&Sm 65;23)wGifrltoufwdkaomom;orD;udk rarG;aom tjzpfysufawGUBuHK&rnf/ rsufpduef;aomrsufpdyGifhvif;jcif;? em;yif;aom olem;yif;rIrSvGwfuif;jcif;? ajcqGHaomol'&,fuJhokdYckefjcif;? pum;taomoloDcsif;qdkjcif;wkYdjzpfvmrnf/ (a[&Sm 35;5-6) bk&m; ocif\ wefcdk;awmfrsm;udkjrnf;prf;NyD;rS a&GUavsmhazmufjyefaom olonf aemifw&jcif;ESifhtopfjyKjyif jcif;udkjiif;y,frIcH&ayrnf/ (a[NAJ 6;5)

                taMumif;rlum;? yifv,fa&onf rdrdae&mudk vTrf;rdk;ouJodkY? ajrBuD; onfxm0&bk&m;\ bkef;awmfudkoduRrf;jcif;ynmESihf jynfhpHk  vdrfYrnf/([AuúKwf 2;14)

                igtouf&Sifonfjzpfí? xm0&bk&m;\ bkef;awmfonf ajrwjyifvHk;ü ESHjym;vdrfYrnf/(awm    14;21)

                bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&efrSmurÇmBuD;ay:wGif wefzdk;xm; aexdkifrIudk qdkvdkNyD;bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf awmfrlaom *kPfawmfrsm;udk csD;rGrf;aomaMumifhurÇmBuD;onf rSefuefaom tajc taeokdY a&muf&Sd vmayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocif \tjrifhqHk;aom &nf&G,fcsufrSm(awmvnf&m 14;21)]]------}}usrf;pmom;ul;&ef^ jzpfonf/ urÇmajrBuD;wGifEl;ñHh odrfarGUrIwdkY\ tarGudkcHpm;&NyD; 0dnmOftouf wmNidrfoufjynfhpHk <u,f0jcif;ü tm;&0rf;ajrmufrIudk jzpfaponf/(qmvH37;11) xdkxufrutoufwmwGif aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmuf vG,fulacsmarGYaom b0udk&&Sdayrnfjzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;udk qmavmifiwfrGwfodyfaom olonfr*Fvm&Sdí 0ajymjcif;okdYa&mufonfh EdkifiHawmfxJ0ifoljzpfrnf[k a&;om;xm;onf/(&SifróJ 5;6)

                ,ckuJhokdYEdkifiHawmfwGifxm0&toufydkifqdkifEdkif&efawG;ac: qifjcifrIudk c&pf,mefbmomwGif; &Sdolrsm;uwdawmfudkAef;jyum w&m; oabmudk avsmhusaponf/ bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfESifh uREkfyfwdkY\ ydkifqkdif&&SdEdkifjcif;onftrSwfwrJh jzpfysufjcif;rS EdkifiHawmfESifh qdkifaom cdkifrmaomtaMumif;jycsuf taxmuftxm;udk azmfjyjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m; ocif\ bkef;awmfudkxif&Sm;apEdkifonf/ ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,lNyD;tcsdefrSonf uREkfyfwdkYtoufwmzGHUNzdK;rIrSmqufwefzdk;xm;cdkifrm wnfwHhap&ayrnf/ pma&;olqDokdY'ku©jyóemy#dyu©rsm;Mum;&ifqkdifawGUBuHK&jcif;jzifhvGefcJhaom (10)ESpfcefYrS,ckxdwdkifaysmf&Tifjcif;? <u,f0jynfhpHkrIESifh aumif;aomt&m rsm;wnfaqmufpkpnf;rIjzpfapaomtoufwmudkouf0ifvIyf&Sm;apcJhonf/

                bk&m;\bkef;awmfemrawmfxif&Sm;ap&ef jyuf0yfudk;uG,fESdrfhcsaom pdwfxm;ESifh vlwGifuefYowfcsuf&Sdaomodjrif em;vnfaomOmPf&Sdonfudk oufaocH&efjzpfonf/

                þuJhokdYtjrif½Ia'gifh&SdolyifvQifbk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawm fjzpfwnfrIudk ½kyf0wåKydkif;qdkif&mamutusdK;tjrwf arQmfudk;vQufouf&Sif vkyfaqmifwwfayao;onf/ jyifyt&mrsm;udk tem*wfumvtwGuf awG;ac: vkyfaqmif rIrsm;tpm; c&pfawmftBuHay;cJhonfrSm]]EdkifiHawmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;awmfudka&S;OD;pG&SmMuavmh? aemufrSxkdt&mrsm;udk xyfí ay;awmfrlvwdå}}[líjzpfonf/(róJ6;30-34)t&mcyfodrf;twGuf uREkfyfwdkYpOf;pm;íBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrItwGufbk&m; ocif\EdkifiHawmfwGif t<uif;rJhjynfh0pHkvifapEdkifjcif;rSmwkEdIif;zG,fr&Sday/

                uREkfyfwdkYonf(bk&m;ocif\)ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk &SmazG&ef vdktyfonf/ xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocif\vu©Pmjzpf aomfcspfjcif; arwåmjzihf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&efBudK;pm;&ayrnf/ bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfudk uREfkyfwdkYvdkvm;ygrlajzmifhrwf pGmjzihf&Sdonfhae&mwGif bkef;awmfxif&Sm; apaom ae&mrSmbk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfyifjzpfonf/ tb,fh aMumifh qdkaomf uREfkyfwdkYwGifudk,fusihfw&m;ydkif;qdkif&mudk jynfh0pHkvif aprIonf ,ckxufaemifumvwGifjzpfEdkifayrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf aojcif;rSvGwfajrmufvdkvm;NyD;xm0&umvtouf&SifvdkaomqE´&SdMuayonf/ ,cktwGufr[kwfbJypöKyÜefumvü awGUBuHK&onfh'ku©qif;&J udkodjrif vGwfajrmuf vdkjcif;aMumifhAk'¨bmom0ifrsm;onf aemifjzpfvmrnfht&mudk pGJvrf;cJhonf/ Ak'¨bmomwGif>rufqdkxm;onfrSm urÇmBuD;onf ESpfrsm;oef;csDMumNyD; aemufzsufqD;rIcH&NyD;aemufþurÇmjzpfwnfrI oHo&mjzpfpOf onfvnf;xyfrHjzpfay:vmOD;rnf[kBudKwif a[mMum;cJh onf/ c&pf,mefor®musrf;pmwGifrlvlrsdK;wpfqufpD vGefoGm;aomfvnf; urÇmBuD;onfrysufpD;bJtpOfwnfrnf[kazmfjyxm;onf/(a'oem 1;4) tb,faMumifhqdkaomf urÇmBuD;onf bk&m;ocif\tBuHpnfawmf &nf&G,fcsufrSm xm0&wnfaomjzpfwnfrIjzifhcefYtyfxm;jcif;aMumifholY tcsdef ESifholbk&m;ociftcGifhay;aomtcsdefü ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;aeOD;rnf jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonftajctaetcsdeftcgrsm; ESihfqdkifí tvsifvdk aMumufrwfxdefYvefYp&mr&Sday/ ,aeYonfu,fwif&maeYjzpfonf[k &Sifaygvku(2aum6;2)wGif azmfjyxm;p&m,aeYonfbk&m;ocif\ toHudkMum;&efvdkayonf/ reufqdkyguaemufusoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/ (a[NAJ 3;12-13) [kqkdxm;onf/ ½kyfavmuurÇmBuD;onf zefqif;&Sif bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf vkyfaqmif ay;jcif;jzifhvSyEdkifaprnfjzpfonf/ ajrBuD;ay:wGifbk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf wnfaxmifEdkif&efpdwfyg0ifpm;jcif;&nf&G,fudk odjrifem;vnfjcif; onfyif bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfudk ajrBuD;ay:wGif wnfaxmifonfh 0rf;ajrmufzG,f owif;omvQif jzpfonf/ vltrsm;pkrSmbk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsuftcsufudkem;vnfaomfvnf; raumif;rIusqHk;rI taejzifh ½IjrifMuonf/ urÇmudkzefqif;aomtcg tvGefaumif;onf[k or®musrf;pmyg(u 1;31)t&jzpfEdkifayonf/ tjcm;aom zefqif;jcif; qdkif&mvSyrIudk ½Ijrifjcif;onfuREfkyfwdkYtwGuf touf&SifEdkifrI tcGifhtvrf;udk axmufyHhay;jcif;vnf;jzpfygonf/ þ½Ijrifcsufonf Ak'´bmomxifjrifawG;ac:csufjzpfonf/ tqHk;r&SdoHo&mvnfjcif;ESifh topfjyefvnf 0ifpm;rIjyKjcif;&Sdaejcif;onf urÇmBuD;udk &SdaeapNyD; urÇmay:&Sd t&mcyfodrf;udk tvGefaumif;onf[kvufrcHay/ azmfjyxm;onfrSm tpr&Sd[k cH,lxm;NyD; zefqif;jcif;udkjiif;y,fxm;onf/ zefqif;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufyHko@mefrsm;u dkjiif;y,fxm;aom bk&m;ocif &Sdonfudk jiif;y,fxm;onf/ þonfrSm qifhuJjzpfpOfoDtdk&DuJhokdYaom t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ tjcm;aomvlom;tpoDtdk&DrSmrnfonfh t&mrQaygif;pyfjcif;r&Sd/ bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfrSa,½Ijyefvmjcif;\ t"dyÜg,frSm ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&mc&pf,mef½Ia'gifhjzpfNyD;xdkt&monf tprStqHk;odkYydkYaqmifxif&Sm;pGmjyonfhenf;vrf;yifjzpfonf/ olonfrnfonfhae&mrS<uqif;vmrnf  udk4if;? b,ft&yfokdYoGm;rnfudk 4if;uREfkyfwdkYodMuayonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwkYd\½Ia'gifhrSm oHo&m vnfjcif;wGiftpr&Sd? tqHk;r&Sd? &nf&G,fcsufr&Sd/ xdkYaMumifh ,aeYtouf&SifrIonfppfrSefaomoabmaqmifumtouf&SifrIr&Sd? rnfonfht&mudkrQ OD;wnfarQmfrSef;rIrjyKjcif;ESifh bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&muf&ef wm0efom OD;wnfjcif;jyKonf/ Ak'¨bmomawG;ac:csufwGif ]]bmrQr&Sdjcif;}} rSmtvGefrsm;vSonf/ edAÁmefüyifvQiftwår&Sdjcif;w&m; Sunyata usifhBuHrIjzifh&&Sdonf/ Ak'¨bmom0if rsm;onfwE´& (Tantras)qdkaom &Sd&SdorQudk;uG,f&mbk&m;wdkYonf(Sunyata)r&Sdjcif;w&m;ESifh qdkifí xif&Sm;jyocJhonfhjzpfpOfrsm;udkoifMum;ydkYcsMuonf/ þuJhokdYpdwfull;onfh tqHk;pGefqHk;aomwnf&SdrI oabmryg&Sday/ þ,lqcsufjzpfonfh r&Sdjcif; w&m;udkjzefYusufqifjcifMunfhaomtcgtusdK;jzpfxGef;aponfht wåudkjiif;y,frIudkvufcHaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\wnf&SdawmfrIudk om jiif;y,fonf omruvlom;wdkY\ppfrSefaomwnf&SdrI tem*wfudk vnf; jiif;y,fxm;onf/ a,½IonfrsufarSmuf tcsdef umv wGif *locsdKif; twGif; ü aoaom,HkMunfolwOD;tm; jyefvnf&Sifoef xajrmu fapjcif; tm;jzifhaool\ tpfrsm;udk 0rf;ajrmufapcJhonf/(a,m 11;23-27) þ uJhokdYaom arQmfvifhjcif;jynfh0&efocifa,½Iü &SdaeNyD;olonfvnf; &Sifoefxajrmufaom touf&Sifoljzpfavonf/(a,m 11;25)&Sdjcif; oabm w&m;udk r&Sdyg[ktoHk;jyK &efajymqdkjcif;onf t&ufrl;aom olwpfOD; t&ufpGJpOfcHpm;&pOf&Sdaeaompum;toHk;tEIH;rsdK;r[kwfyg/ uREfkyfwdkYtouf&Sif &Sdonf/ ppfrSefrIvnf;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh twlbk&m;ocif&Sdjcif;ESifha,½Ivnf;&SdaeNyD;&Sdjcif;oabm\&nf&G,fcsuf rsm;vnf; yg&Sdayonf/

 

3.6 BudKwifpDrHrIjyKxm;jcif;

 

                Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onftwdwfb0uvkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkYwGifqHk;jzwf cefYcGJrSwfom;xm;rIcH&NyD; jzpfonf[k,HkMunfMuonf/ þokdYaompum;vHk;ESifh pOf;pmrIudkum ( Karma )[kac:NyD;jyKvkyfcJhaom taMumif;w&m;aMumifh tem*wfwGifaysmf&Tifjcif;ESifhpdwf'ku©qif;&Judk cHpm;Mu&ayonf/

                or®musrf;pmwGiftaMumif;jycsuftrsdK;rsdK;jzifhjiif;y,f&rnfh tawG; tac:trsdK;tpm;tjzpf ajymqdkrIMum;cJh &onf/

  -bk&m;ocif\pum;udkemcHjcif;taMumif;t&if;cHwpfckvHk;tm; t"dyÜg,fr&Sdjzpfatmifvkyfaqmifjcif; jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf or®m usrf;pmwGifazmfjyxm;onfh ynwfawmfrsm;udk apmifhxdef; jcif; ESifhjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif udkcsrf;omjcif; (okdY) pdwfrcsrf;omp&mrsm;udkay;Edkifayonf/ ynwfawmfrsm;ESihf qdkifaomxifjrif,lqcsufrSmbk&m;ocifemcH&ef twif;tusyf jyKvkyfyguynwfcsufxm;jcif;oabmudk t"dyÜg,frJh oGm;ap onf/ (a[NAJ5;9) wGifc&pfawmfonf emcHjcif;tm;jzifhpHkvif jcif; &Sdu m u,fwifjcif;aus;Zl;udkay;rnf [kkazmfjyxm;onf/

  -        a[NAJMo0g'pmtcef;BuD;(11)wGif bk&m;ocifudk rsufarSmuf jyKí arQmfvifhtouf&Sifjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif; uwdawmf&&ef ,HkMunfjcif;ESi fhqufEG,frI&SdaMumif; azmfjyxm; ayonf/ t&mcyfodrf;onfbk&m;ocif\BudKwif pDrHxm;rI tm;vHk;&SdNyD;jzpfygu or®musrf;pmwGif 'ku©rS vGwfajrmuf&ef bk&m;ociftm; qkawmif;jcif; Oyrmawmfrsm; onft"dyÜg,f r&Sdaom t&mrsm;jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/

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  -        uREfkyfwdkYvkyfaqmifrIwdkYtwGuftjypfpD&ifcH&rnfjzpfonf/(Asm 22;12)tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomfuREfkyfwdkY\ vGwfvyfpGm a&G;cs,f ydkifcGifhonf ta&;rygcJhygvQif u,fwifjcif;ESifh qufqHEdkif ygOD;rnfavm/ &Sifaygvkonf ,k'vlwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudkjiif;qefaom olrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh xm0&touf&&Sd&ef rxdkufwefaom olrsm; jzpfonf[k ajymqdkxm;onf/(w 13;46),k'vlwdkYonf rdrdudk,fudk pD&if qHk;jzwfMujcif;udk bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; [efYwm;jcif; r&Sday/ bk&m;onfu,fwifjcif;cH&rnfh olESifh w&m;pD&ifjcif; cH&rnfh olrsm;udkBudKwif pDrHcefYcGJNyD; jzpfonf [kuREfkyfwdkY qdkygvQif bk&m;ocifonf tjypfom; rsm;jzpf &ef t"r® ydkYaqmifNyD; tjcm;aomoltm;ajzifhrwfaom olrsm; jzpf&ef tm;ay;yHhydk;aombk&m;jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ tm'HaMumifh tjypf w&m;0ifvmNyD;vltaygif;wdkYü aojcif; w&m;0if vm&onf/ (a&mr 5;12)þtjypfw&m;aMumifhvlom;wdkY aojcif; wnf;[laomtzdk;tcay;Mu&onf/ (a&mr 6;23) bk&m;ocifu wdkufwGef;tm;ay;rIaMumifhtjypfom; jzpfvm jcif;r[kwf? tm'H\tjypfjyKvkyfrI a&S;ueOD;tpuwnf;u &SdESifhNyD; jzpfonf/

  -        (1aum 10)usrf;ydk'frsm;pGmwGif bk&m;ocifESifh qufqHrIjyKjcif; touf wmonf twdwfujyKrSm;rdcJhaomt&mrsm; y,f&Sm; pGefYypfNyD;,HkMunfol\ toufwmrnfuJhokdY jzpf&rnfudk owd ay;xm;onf/ c&pfawmfESifhuif;uGmí aus;Zl;w&m;ü wnfumraejcif;udk(*vmwd 5;4)wGift"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkvdkonfrSm u,fwifjcif;udkay;&mwGif wpfBudrfwpfcgu,fwifjcif;onf tNrJwrf; u,fwifjcif;udk &&Sdaernfr[kwfaus;Zl;w&m;ü uif;uGmí qHk;½IH;Edkifonf/ xdkenf;wlpGmedAÁmefokdY a&muf&efrSm vnf; toufwm&ifhusufrI&SdrSomjzpfEdkifayrnf/ oufqHk;wdkif rSefuefpGmqkyfudkifoifMum;rIpOfqufrjywfcH,loGm;rSomvQif u,fwifjcif;cHMu&ayrnf/(1wd 4;16)

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                ]]tvdk&Sdaomtwdk;udkray;bJtoufa&udk,lygap}}(Asm 22;17)[k EIwfuywfutoufudk0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif;tm; wkefYjyefum awGU&Sd aponf/ þae&mwGifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk,fydkifqE´&Sdonfh twdkif; u,fwifj cif;udk vdkcsifaomqE´tm;jzifh a&G;cs,frIonf BudKwifpDrH jyifqifxm;rI xufausmfvGefí vGwfvyfpGm a&G;cs,fcGifh ay;xm;onf/ ]]xm0&bk&m;udk y|memjyKaom ol&SdorQwdkYonf u,fwifawmfrljcif;odkY a&mufMuvwåH}} [lía,½I\ emrawmfwGif jzpfwnfcH,lolwdkif;tm;ay;aMumif; awGU&ay onf/

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                Ak'¨bmom\oHo&mESifhqdkifaom&Sdjcif;tjrif½Ia'gifhonf ordkif; aMumif;wGift"dyÜg,fryg&SdbJESifhAk'¨bmom0ifrsm; onf½kyf0wåKydkif;qdkif&m rjcm;em;bJwnf&Sdaeaomt&mrsm;udkjyKvkyfxm;onf/ or®musrf;pm tay:wGifqufvufwnf aqmufrIjyKonf/ ordkif;taxmufxm;onf £oa&v\ ordkif;aMumif;wGift"dyÜg,fjynfhpHkpGm&Sdaeayonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh&Sifaygvkonf(1aum 10;1-2)wGif£oa&vvlrsdK;awmf      yifv,feDudkjzwfíavQmufoGm;jcif;onfa&xJrSjzwfavQmufjcif; jzpfaomaMumifhrdk;wdrfESifhyifv,fxJrSmarma&ü AwdåZHudkcHonf[k rSwf,lMuonf/ Oyrmajrmufrsm;pGmþvlrsdK;awmfrS pwifvmjcif;ESifh twloifcef;pm,lzG,frsm;awGU&onf/ t*kwåKjynfü £oa&vvlrsdK; uRefcH&jcif;? olwpfyg;wdkYñTefjy touf&Sifaom b0tJ *kwåK½kyfwk bk&m;rsm;wGif tapcHNyD;uRefrsm;udkjyif;xefpGm cdkif;apjcif;wdkY&Sdayonf/ olwdkY\b0 toufwmwGifbk&m;ocifudk atmf[pf&SmazG umvGwfajrmuf&mvrf; okdY&SmazGydkYaqmifay;jcif; tjzpfysufrsm;wGif bk&m;ocifonf tajzay;umvkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;onf pdwful;,OfrI rsdK;ryg&Sday/ bk&m;ocifonf arma&Stm;jzifh £oa&vvlrsdK;udktJ*kwåK jynfrSxkwfaqmif&efapvTwfcJhonf/ yifv,feDudkjzwfí awmü vnfum uwdxm;awmfrlaomjynfokdY0ifpm;cJh&onf/ yifv,feDudkjzwfausmf jcif;onf ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,ljcif;ESifh wlnDNyD;EdkifiHawmfESifh uwdxm;&m jynfokdY csufcsif;a&muf&onf r[kwf? awmü vrf;avQmufvSnfh vnfMu&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf £oa&vvlrsdK;tm; OD;aqmifrIwpf avQmufvHk;wGif aumif;uifwrefwpfyg;tm;jzifh aeYESifhn rjywftpOf ydkYaqmifcJh onf/ uREfkyfwdkYwpfa,mufpDwdkif;üvnf; aumif;uifwref wpf yg;pDywf0ef;usifüpcef;csumuG,fydkYaqmifay;jcif;jzifhu,fwifjcif;jzifh u,fwifqDodkYavQmufvSrf;touf&Sif&ayonf/ (qmvH 34;7? a[NAJ 1;14)    £oa&vvlrsdK;awmfonf aeY&ufwdkif;rEérkefYudk auR;arG;jcif; udkcH&onf/ a,½Ionf&Sda[m[efc&pf0iftcef;BuD; (6)wGif c&pfawmfudk,fwdkifESifh bk&m;ocif\rdefYrSmcsufESpfckpvHk;wGif t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkxm;onf/ olwdkYonfrEérkefYudkrpm;&vQif awmxJwGif rMumrDaooGm;awmhrnfyif/ xdkae&mwGif tjcm;aom tpmr&Sd xdkrkefYompm;&ef&Sdavonf/ þtaMumif;csufESifh ywfoufí twif;t"r®qGJrac:vdkyg/ odkYaomfoifhtwGuf oefrmrI cGeftm;vHk avmuf ap&efor®musrf;twdkif;twloGm; touf&Sif}} pm;yGJwGifzwf½INyD;? aeYpOf or®musrf;pmzwfjcif;jzifhusrf;ydk'frsm;wdkYtm;jzifhtajccdkifrIwpfckvHk;udk&&SdNyD;? c&pfawmf\auR;arG;jyKpkjcif;udktxl;ojzifhoifonfawGUjrifum EIwfu ywfawmf pmudkolwpfyg;awGUjrifatmifvkyfaqmif Edkifoljzpfvdrfhrnf/ rdwåLyGm;jcif;tpDtpOfonfxkwfa0yHkESdyfolrsm;xHrStusdK;tjrwfrarQmf udk;bJjzefYa0ay;vQuf&Sdonf/ þuJhokdYuREfkyfwdkYzwf½Ijcif;tm;jzifhaeYpOf touf&SifrItoufwmvkyf½dk;vkyfpOfrsm;udk ydkrdkus,fjyefYpGmvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef xl;jcm;rIjzpfapNyD; aeY&ufwdkif;wGif ESpfoufauseyfrIcHpm;&NyD;tcef;BuD; vdkufzwf½Ijcif;tm;jzifhtoufwmwGifxif[yfumcGeftm;jzpfaponf/

 

3.7      tjypfw&m;\jyóem

 

            uREfkyfwkdYonftjypfw&m;\jyóemudkt&if;wnfíAk'¨bmom tm;us½IH;ap&efajymqdkrIrsdK;udktapmydkif;uwnf;uyif wm;jrpf xm;ayonf/ vlom;wdkYrdrdwkdYqE´tav;xm;jcif;onf rSm;,Gif;aom tjyKtrlrsm;wdkY\jyóemt&if;jrpf jzpfonfudkjiif;y,fxm;cJhonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomt&mvkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;tm;jzifhOD;wnf&mA[dkudk vGJacsmfjcif;jzpfaponf/tb,ft&mrSefonfudkodNyD; vkyfaqmifrI vGJacsmfrIonfuREfkyfwdkYtwGufr&SdrjzpfBuHKawGU&aomjyóemjzpfonf/Ak'¨bmom onfrlvtptaMumif;t&if;udkavsmhawG;NyD;or®musrf;  pmxJ&Sdzefqif;jcif;a&;om;xm;rIudkxkwfy,fxm;onf/ Ak'¨bmom \&nf&G,fcsufÓPfynmydkif;qdkif&mu@? *½kPmw&m;ESifhedAÁmefudk&&ef BudK;pm;rIu@rsm;udkzGHNzdK;ap&efjzpfonf/pBuFm0|m b,fvdk pwif jzpfay: vmonfudk r&Sdjcif;uvkyfaqmif&ef ulnDaxmufyHhodapjcif; jzpfonf/

                þazmfjyygtcsuf\t"dyÜg,frSmypöyÜKeftajctaeüom A[dkjyK&efomvQifjzpfonf/or®musrf;pmüzwfMunfh&m tpueOD;wGif zefqif;jcif;ESihftpjyKxm;NyD;or®musrf;pmyxrq Hk;tcef;wGifjznfhpGufum jynfhpHkap&ef&nfoefjznfhpGufxm;onfh pdwftwGif;ydkif;qdkif&m [efcsufnDap&efor®musrf;pmtwGif;ü&Sdaomazmfjycsuf rsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmompmayrsm;twGif;&Sda&;om; azmfjycsufrsm;rSmBuD;rm;aom uGm[ rI&Sdaeonf/ bk&m;ocifonfzefqif;&SifjzpfNyD; vlwdkYtxJokdY ,HkMunfjcif;? rIwfoGif;jcif;ESifh'g0d'fESifha,&rduJhokdYaomqkawmif; olrsm;azmfjyxm;onf/ "r®opfusrf;wGiftopfaom zefqif;jcif;udk a,musmf;rsm;ESifh rdef;rrsm;udk c&pfawmf\toGifo@mef aqmifvkyf aqmif &efoGefoifcsufrsm; awGU&onf/ c&pfawmfESifhwvHk;w0wnf;jzpf&efudk,f awmf aemufokYd vdkufygaeonfudka&;om;xm;onf/ Ak'¨bmomwGif odjcif;ay:wGif A[dkNyD; e*dkrlvtpudkxkwfy,f xm;onf/ odjcif;&Sdygu edAÁmefokdY b,faom tcg rQra&muf&SdEdkifay/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf rlv tp udkvspfvsL½Ixm;NyD; rodjcif;aMumifhtjypfrsm;tm;vHk; jzpfay:vm onf[laomtcsufonfyif 'ku©cHpm;&jcif;\ r&SdrjzpfvdktyfonfhtaMumif;jycsufjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmom onf t&Sdw&m;tm;vHk;onf oHo&mBuD;xJwGif tpr&Sd?tqHk;r&Sd jzpfwnfaeMuonf[kem;vnfMuonf/xdkYaMumifhrodjcif;onf e*dkrlvtp yxrar;cGef;jzpfonf/ xdkrodjcif;onf bk&m; ocifonf rjrif&aom zefqif;&Sif jzpfonfudk odjcif;&v'fjzpfvmaponf/ zefqif;&SifESifhyHkazmfol yk*d¾Kvfr&Sdyg[kqdkvQifuREfkyfwdkYonf qifhuJjzpf wnfrIoDtdk&D (Evolution)udk,HkMunf&ayawmhrnf/ Ak'¨bmom0if trsm; pkwdkYxdkuJhokdY jyKrlaeMuonf/ xdkuJhokdYrjzpfEdkifay/ vlom;odyÜH\Oyrmt& j'yfypönf; rsm;rSjzpfvmonfrSmvnf;rjzpfEdkifay/ xdkt&mwGif tpwnf jzpfrI&Sdae &ayrnf/ qifhuJjzpfpOfoDtdk&Donf wpfqifhjcif;udkjyefí Munfhum ar;cGef; rsm;udkajzqdkEdkifayvdrfhrnf/ rnfonfh ae&monf tptOD; jzpfwnf aeNyD; zefqif; jcif;taMumif;udk yHkazmfjzpfay:vmjcif;tpudk rnfokdY &SmazGrnf enf;/ oHo&m\tp? rnfodkYaomae&m? rnfodkYaomtcsdefu,ck oHo&m puf0ef;wnfaeonfudkrod&Sday/ aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh qdk;npf jcif;\  taMumif; w&m;t"du onfrnfonfhae&mwGif pwif&rnfenf;/ Ak'¨ bmom 0ifrsm;rSm olwdkYpdwfudkcsKyfwnf;usifhBuH&mwGiftvGef cufcJrI &SdMu ayonf/ or®musrf;pmxJwGif ppfrSefí,HkMunfEdkifzG,f&Sdonfh &Sif;vif;  azmfjycsufrsm;yg&Sdonf/ ocifa,½Ionf xm0&toufay;EdkifaomtcGifh tmPm &SdaMumif;or®musrf;pmxJwGif&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;onf/(w3;15) bk&m;ocifrSmrlvobmovlYb0toufwm\tpyxr t&Sifjzpfonf/

 

3.8      'ku©a0'emcHpm;&jcif;jyóem

 

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                Ak'¨bmomwGifZmwdcH,ljcif;\jyóemudkrSefuefpGm t&if;tjrpf &SmazGppfaq;rI&Sdayonf/ vlwdkY\Zmwdyuwdonf a&m*g? aojcif;? 0rf;enf;jcif;? nnf;wGm;jcif;? emMuifjcif;? ylyefjcif;ESifh pdwfysuf tm;avsmhjcif; rsm;udkjzpfay:vmaponf/ Zmwd yuwdaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;w&m;wdkYudk y,fowfESdrfeif;rIjyK&ayrnf/ xdktaMumif;w&m;wdkYonf apcdkif;aom taMumif;w&m;r[kwfaomt&mrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkt&m rsm;onfuREfkyfwkdYa&SUwGif&Sdaeayonf/ okdYaomfvnf;tvdkqE´tm;jzifh edAÁmefudkr&Edkifay/xdkqE´onf'ku©yifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf Ak'¨ bmom Zmwd [lonfhvljzpfjcif;jyóemudkajz&Sif;Edkif&ef arQmfudk;í ombmomwpfck jzpfonf/Zmwdyuwd\taMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkY udk,fwdkifvnf; rajz&Sif; Edkifay/or®musrf;pmonf ocif a,½Ic&pfawmf\ajzqdkcsufrsmjzifh zdwfac:onf/ c&pfawmfonf uREfkyfwkdYuJhokYdyifvlom;wpfOD;jzpfonf/y#doaE¨udk bk&m;ocif\yg0ifMum;0ifvkyfaqmifrIjzifhjzpfwnfapcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh jynfh0pHkvifaomvlom;wpftjzpfodkYa&muf &Sdvmonfudk awGUjrif&onf/ olonfZmwdyuwdESifhqdkifaomjyóem&yfwdkY\ enf;vrf;rsm;udk vGwfajrmuf&efvrf;zGifh ay;onfomrutjypf\ wefcdk;udkatmifEdkifaom olvnf;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmxJwGif azmfjycsuft&tjypfonf 'ku©a0'emtm;vHk;\ t&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomwGifuREfkyfwdkYwGif 'kku©&SdaomaMumifh'ku©udk½Ijrif&efajymqdkonf/ tb,fhaMumifh þ'ku©tm;vHk;onfjzpf&onfudkajz&Sif;csufray;bJ0ef cHumAk'¨ay;aom tajzrSefuefpDavsmfonf[kcH,lMuonf/ xdk'ku©qdkaom t&mudk qkyfudkifrI jyKapaomjyóemESifhxdk'ku©udk em;rvnfapaom onfht&mu dk&SmazGMu&ayrnf/ þxufydkí qdk;onfrSmAk'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ 'ku©udkt"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk&mwGif zefqif;jcif;onf zefqif;rIrsm;udk xGufay: apNyD;rodjcif;tm;jzifh jynfhpHkrI&Smum'ku©udka&muf&Sdvmaponf/ or®m usrf;pmwGif bk&m;ocifurdefYawmfrlonfrSm zefqif;aomt&mwdkif; ]]tvGefaumif;onf}}tajcokdYjyefa&mufapaomtBuHtpnfawmfudktaumif txnf azmfcJhonf/ rnfolutHhMozG,f&m aumif;aomzefqif;rI tay: aocsmpGmoHk; oyfNyD;rodjcif;\ tm;uvkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh þokdY vkyfaqmif jcif;jzpfonf[k jyif;xefpGma0zefoHk;oyfrnfenf;/ zefqif;&Sifonfol\ zefqif;tay:½Ijrif&mwGifaocsmpGmtvGefaumif;onf[kawGUjrif ygovm;/ zefqif;jcif;udkzsufpD;cJholaMumifhjyóem ay:aygufvm &jcif; jzpfNyD; or®musrf;pmygaumufEIwfcsufwGifxdkuJhokdY usqif;oGm;rIESifh urÇm ajrBuD;udka&G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;udkjynfhpHkjcif;c&pfawmfuvkyfaqmifoGm;onf/ Ak'¨bmomonfzefqif; jcif;udka0zefonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf xdkt&m onf vlom;wdkY\'ku©a0'emudktqHk;pGefqHk;raumif;aom tajc aeodkY a&mufapaomjyif;xefaompGJvrf;rIwpfckjzpfonf/ þ zefqif;jcif; onf udkcdkifrmpGmpkpnf;ír&Sif;jyEdkifay/ rnfuJhokdYaom tqifhwGif zefqif;jcif;\ tqHk;owf(okdY)jyóem\taMumif;w&m;udk,fwdkif odjcif; yg&Sdjcif;onf uREfkyfwkdYtwGufjyóem r[kwfay/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; onf pBuFm0#mBuD; xJwGifzefqif;rIrsm;qufvuf&SdaeNyD; ysufpD;jcif;rsm;vnf;qufvuf&Sd aeonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ þokdYjzpfjcif;rSmemMuifrI\ taMumif;&if; cHumaysmufqHk;jcif;ESifhuGJuGmoGm;jcif;wdkYjzpfvmonf/ vdrfnmaomzefqif; jcif;onft"dyÜg,fr&Sday/ þuJhokdYazmfjyjcif;onf jyóemtay:ü jyóem xyfqifhydkvmaponf/ xdkt&mESihfywfoufí tjcm;aomolwdkYjiif;qdkxm; csufwpfckrSm t&if;cHjyóemwpfckjzpfaomvlom;wdkY\ tjypfESifhjynhf0rI udk &ifqkdifEdkif&efpGrf;aqmifEdkifrI r&Sdjcif;u 'kku©udk&ifqdkif&aponf[l\/

                Ak'¨bmomwGiftjypf\wefzdk;avsmhusaprI[l aom,lqcsuf&Sdonf/ xdkt&monfao;i,faomtcef;av;wpfck twGif;ütrSm;ESifhtrSefudk ydkif;jcm;NyD;a&;qGJxm;onfhrsOf;aMumif;av;wpfckjzpfonf[kvufcHxm;onf/ omrefAk'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ ½Ia'gifhwGifvG